I-pneumonia - buthakathaka amasosha omzimba

I-pneumonia ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu. Kungabangelwa amagciwane amaningi ahlukene, kufaka phakathi amabhaktheriya, amagciwane kanye nesikhunta.

Lo mbhalo ukhuluma nge-pneumonia eyenzeka kumuntu okunzima ukulwa nokutheleleka ngenxa yezinkinga zesistimu yomzimba. Lolu hlobo lwesifo lubizwa nge- "pneumonia in an immocompromised host."

Izimo ezihlobene zifaka:

• I-pneumonia etholwe esibhedlela
• I-Pneumocystis jiroveci (phambilini ibibizwa nge-Pneumocystis carinii) i-pneumonia
• I-pneumonia - i-cytomegalovirus
• Inyumoniya
• I-pneumonia yegciwane
• I-pneumonia yokuhamba

Abantu amasosha omzimba wabo angasebenzi kahle abakwazi ukulwa namagciwane. Lokhu kubenza bathambekele ekutheleleni ngamagciwane angavamisile ukudala izifo kubantu abaphilile. Futhi zisengozini enkulu yezimbangela ezivamile zenyumoniya, engathinta noma ngubani.

Amasosha omzimba wakho kungenzeka abe buthakathaka noma angasebenzi kahle ngenxa yalokhu:

• Ukufakelwa komnkantsha wethambo
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
• Ukutheleleka nge-HIV
• I-leukemia, i-lymphoma, nezinye izimo ezilimaza umnkantsha wakho
• Ukuphazamiseka okuzenzakalelayo
• Imithi (kufaka phakathi i-steroids, kanye naleyo esetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza nokulawula izifo ezizimele)
• Ukufakelwa komzimba (kufaka phakathi izinso, inhliziyo, namaphaphu)

Izimpawu zingafaka:

• Ukukhwehlela (kungahle komile noma kuveze isikhwehlela esifana ne-mucus, greenish, noma pus)
• Amakhaza ngokuqhaqhazela
• Ukukhathala
• Imfiva
• Ukungakhululeki okuvamile, ukungakhululeki, noma ukugula (malaise)
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• Ukuphelelwa isifiso sokudla
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Ukuqaqamba noma ukugwaza kobuhlungu besifuba obuba kubi ngokuphefumula okujulile noma ukukhwehlela
• Ukuphelelwa umoya

Ezinye izimpawu ezingase zivele:

• Ukujuluka okukhulu noma ukujuluka ebusuku
• Amalungu aqinile (angavamile)
• Imisipha eqinile (engavamile)

Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angase ezwe imifantu noma eminye imisindo yokuphefumula engajwayelekile lapho ulalele isifuba sakho nge-stethoscope. Ukuncipha kwemisindo yokuphefumula kuyisibonakaliso esiyisihluthulelo. Lokhu kutholakala kungasho ukuthi kukhona ukwanda koketshezi phakathi kodonga lwesifuba namaphaphu (i-pleural effusion).

Ukuhlolwa kungafaka:

• Imithambo yegazi yegazi
• Amakhemikhali egazi
• Isiko legazi
• I-Bronchoscopy (ezimweni ezithile)
• Isifuba se-CT scan (ezimweni ezithile)
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Qedela ukubalwa kwegazi
• I-Lung biopsy (ezimweni ezithile)
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Serum cryptococcus antigen
• Ukuhlolwa kweSerum galactomannan
• Ukuhlolwa kweGalactomannan kusuka ku-bronchial alveolar fluid
  
• Isiko lesikhohlela
• Isikhohlela se-Gram stain
• Ukuhlolwa kwesikhwehlela se-immunofluorescence (noma okunye ukuhlolwa kwamasosha omzimba)
• Ukuhlolwa komchamo (ukuthola isifo seLegionnaire noma i-Histoplasmosis)

Imithi elwa namagciwane noma imishanguzo yokubulala amagciwane ingasetshenziswa, kuya ngohlobo lwegciwane elibangela ukutheleleka. Ama-antibiotic awasizi ezifweni zegciwane. Ungadinga ukuhlala esibhedlela ngesikhathi sokuqala kokugula.

I-oxygen kanye nokwelashwa okususa uketshezi kanye namafinyila ohlelweni lokuphefumula kuyadingeka kaningi.

Izici ezingadala umphumela omubi zifaka:

• I-pneumonia ebangelwa isikhunta.
• Umuntu unamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka kakhulu.

Izinkinga zingafaka:

• Ukwehluleka kokuphefumula (isimo lapho isiguli singenakuthola umoya-mpilo futhi sikhiphe isikhutha ngaphandle kokusebenzisa umshini wokuletha umoya.)
• I-Sepsis
• Ukusabalala kwesifo
• Ukufa

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma unesistimu yokuzivikela ebuthakathaka futhi unezimpawu ze-pneumonia.

Uma unamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka, ungathola ama-antibiotic nsuku zonke ukuvimbela ezinye izinhlobo zenyumoniya.

Buza umhlinzeki wakho ukuthi kufanele yini uthole imishanguzo yomkhuhlane (umkhuhlane) kanye ne-pneumococcal (pneumonia).

Zijwayeze ukuhlanzeka. Geza izandla zakho ngensipho namanzi.

• Ngemuva kokuba ngaphandle
• Ngemuva kokushintsha inabukeni
• Ngemuva kokwenza umsebenzi wasendlini
• Ngemuva kokuyogeza
• Ngemuva kokuthinta uketshezi lomzimba, njengamafinyila noma igazi
• Ngemuva kokusebenzisa ucingo
• Ngaphambi kokuphatha ukudla noma ukudla

Ezinye izinto ongazenza ukunciphisa ukutholakala kwakho kumagciwane kufaka:

• Gcina indlu yakho ihlanzekile.
• Hlala kude nezixuku.
• Cela izivakashi ezinomkhuhlane ukuthi zigqoke imaski noma zingavakasheli.
• UNGENZI umsebenzi wegceke noma uphathe izitshalo noma izimbali (zingathwala amagciwane).

Inyumoniya esigulini esingenamzimba; Inyumoniya - umphathi ongakwazi ukuzivikela; Umdlavuza - inyumoniya; Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali - inyumoniya; I-HIV - inyumoniya

• Umzimba we-pneumococci
• Amaphaphu
• Amaphaphu
• Uhlelo lokuphefumula

Kusha uMJ. Isiguli esingenakuzivikela. Ku: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, ama-eds. Imithi Ephuthumayo yaseRosen: Imiqondo kanye Nokuzijwayeza Komtholampilo. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 187.

UDonnelly JP, uBlijlevens NMA, van der Velden WJFM. Ukutheleleka kumsingathi ongaqinisekisiwe: izimiso ezijwayelekile. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, uHlelo Olubuyekeziwe. Umhlaka 8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: isahluko 309.

UMarr KA. Indlela yokuthola umkhuhlane nokutheleleka okusolwayo kumphathi osengozini. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-25. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 281.

I-Wunderink RG, i-Restrepo MI. I-pneumonia: ukucatshangelwa kwabagula kakhulu. Ku: Parrillo JE, Dellinger RP, ama-eds. Imithi Yokunakekelwa Okubalulekile: Izimiso Zokuxilongwa Nokuphathwa Kwabantu Abadala. Umhlaka 5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 40.