I-Ehrlichiosis

I-Ehrlichiosis yigciwane elitholakala ngokulunywa ngumkhaza.

I-Ehrlichiosis ibangelwa amagciwane asemndenini obizwa nge-rickettsiae. Ama-bacterial Rickettsial abangela izifo eziningi ezimbi emhlabeni jikelele, kufaka phakathi i-Rocky Mountain spotted fever ne-typhus. Zonke lezi zifo zisatshalaliswa kubantu ngokuthwalwa ngumkhaza, ngamazeze noma ngokulunywa yizimbuzane.

Ososayensi baqala ukuchaza i-ehrlichiosis ngo-1990. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zesifo e-United States:

• I-human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) ibangelwa amagciwane e-rickettsial I-Ehrlichia chaffeensis.
• I-human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) ibizwa nangokuthi i-human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA). Kubangelwa amagciwane erickettsial abizwa ngokuthi I-Anaplasma phagocytophilum.

Ama-bacterium e-Ehrlichia angaqhutshwa yi:

• Umkhaza wezinja zaseMelika
• Umkhaza wezinyamazane (Ama-Ixode scapularis), nakho okungadala isifo seLyme
• Lone Star umkhaza

E-United States, i-HME itholakala ikakhulu ezifundazweni eziseningizimu emaphakathi naseningizimu-mpumalanga. I-HGE itholakala ikakhulu eNyakatho-mpumalanga nasenyakatho neMidwest.

Izici zobungozi be-ehrlichiosis zifaka:

• Ukuhlala eduze nendawo enemikhaza eminingi
• Ukuba nesilwane esingaletha umkhaza ekhaya
• Ukuhamba noma ukudlala otshanini obuphezulu

Isikhathi sokufukamela phakathi kokulunywa ngomkhaza nalapho izimpawu zenzeka khona cishe izinsuku eziyi-7 kuya kweziyi-14.

Izimpawu zingabonakala njengomkhuhlane (umkhuhlane), futhi zingafaka:

• Umkhuhlane namakhaza
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha
• Isicanucanu

Ezinye izimpawu ezingaba khona:

• Uhudo
• Izindawo ezinhle ezilingana nekhanda lokuphuma kwegazi esikhunjeni (ukuqubuka kwe-petechial)
• Ukuqhuma okubomvu okugcwele (ukuqubuka kwe-maculopapular), okungajwayelekile
• Ukuzizwa okujwayelekile (malaise)

Ukuqubuka kuvela ezimweni ezingaphansi kwengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zamacala. Kwesinye isikhathi, lesi sifo singaphanjaniswa nomkhuhlane obonwe yiRocky Mountain, uma ukuqhuma kukhona. Izimpawu zivame ukuba mnene, kepha abantu kwesinye isikhathi bagula ngokwanele ukuthi babone umhlinzeki wezempilo.

Umhlinzeki uzokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba futhi ahlole izimpawu zakho ezibalulekile, kufaka phakathi:

• Ukushaya kwegazi
• Isilinganiso senhliziyo
• Ithempelesha

Ezinye izivivinyo zifaka:

• Qedela ukubalwa kwegazi (CBC)
• Ibala leGranulocyte
• Ukuhlolwa okungaqondile kwe-antibody fluorescent
• Ukuhlolwa kwesampula yegazi ngePolymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Ama-antibiotic (tetracycline noma i-doxycycline) asetshenziselwa ukwelapha lesi sifo. Izingane akufanele zithathe i-tetracycline ngomlomo kuze kube yilapho onke amazinyo azo esekhulile, ngoba ungashintsha unomphela umbala wamazinyo akhulayo. I-Doxycycline esetshenziselwa amaviki ama-2 noma ngaphansi imvamisa ayilahli umbala wamazinyo angapheli engane. IRifampin ibuye yasetshenziswa kubantu abangakwazi ukubekezelela i-doxycycline.

I-Ehrlichiosis ayivamile ukubulala. Ngama-antibiotic, abantu bavame ukuthuthuka kungakapheli amahora angama-24 kuya kwangu-48. Ukutakula kungathatha amasonto amathathu.

Kungalashwa, lesi sifo singaholela ku:

• I-Coma
• Ukufa (akuvamile)
• Ukulimala kwezinso
• Ukulimala kwamaphaphu
• Okunye ukulimala komzimba
• Ukudlikiza

Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukulunywa umkhaza kungaholela ekuthelelekeni okungaphezu kokukodwa (ukutheleleka ngokubambisana). Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imikhaza ingathwala izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwesisodwa zomzimba. Izifo ezimbili ezinjalo yilezi:

• Isifo seLyme
• I-Babesiosis, isifo esifakwayo esifana ne-malaria

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma ugula ngemuva kokulunywa umkhaza muva nje noma ngabe ubusezindaweni lapho imikhaza ijwayelekile khona. Qiniseka ukuthi utshela umhlinzeki wakho mayelana nokuchayeka komkhaza.

I-Ehrlichiosis isakazwa ukulunywa imikhaza. Izinyathelo kufanele zithathwe ukuvimbela ukulunywa imikhaza, kufaka phakathi:

• Gqoka amabhulukwe amade nemikhono emide lapho uhamba phakathi kwebhulashi elisindayo, utshani obude nezindawo ezinezihlahla ezijiyile.
• Donsela amasokisi akho ngaphandle kwamabhulukwe ukuvikela imikhaza ekukhuphukeleni emlenzeni wakho.
• Gcina ihembe lakho lingene ebhulukweni lakho.
• Gqoka izingubo ezinombala okhanyayo ukuze imikhaza ibonakale kalula.
• Fafaza izingubo zakho ngomuthi oxosha izinambuzane.
• Hlola izingubo zakho nesikhumba kaningi ngenkathi usehlathini.

Ngemuva kokubuyela ekhaya:

• Susa izingubo zakho. Bheka kahle zonke izindawo zesikhumba, kufaka phakathi isikhumba sasekhanda. Imikhaza ingakhuphuka ngokushesha ubude bomzimba.
• Eminye imikhaza mikhulu futhi kulula ukuyithola. Eminye imikhaza ingaba mincane impela, ngakho-ke bheka ngokucophelela wonke amabala amnyama noma ansundu esikhunjeni.
• Uma kungenzeka, cela othile akusize ukuhlola umzimba wakho ukuthola imikhaza.
• Umuntu omdala kufanele ahlole izingane ngokucophelela.

Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi umkhaza kumele unamathiselwe emzimbeni wakho okungenani amahora angama-24 ukudala izifo. Ukususwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kungavimbela ukutheleleka.

Uma ulunywe wumkhaza, bhala phansi usuku nesikhathi okulume ngaso. Letha lolu lwazi, kanye nomaka (uma kungenzeka), kumhlinzeki wakho uma ugula.

I-ehrlichiosis yomuntu oyedwa; HME; I-ehrlichiosis ye-granulocytic yomuntu; HGE; I-anaplasmosis ye-granulocytic yomuntu; I-HGA

• I-Ehrlichiosis
• Amasosha omzimba

UDumler JS, Walker DH. I-Ehrlichia chaffeensis (i-human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis), I-Anaplasma phagocytophilum (i-human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis), namanye ama-anaplasmataceae. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 192.

I-Fournier PE, uRaoult D. Rickettsial izifo. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 311.