I-Silicosis

I-Silicosis yisifo samaphaphu esibangelwa ukuphefumula (ukuhogela) uthuli lwe-silika.

I-Silica iyi-crystal ejwayelekile, eyenzeka ngokwemvelo. Itholakala emibhedeni eminingi yamadwala. Kwenziwa uthuli lweSilica ngesikhathi sokumba, ukumba amatshe, ukushuna, nokusebenza nezinsimbi ezithile zensimbi. I-Silica iyingxenye eyinhloko yesihlabathi, ngakho-ke abasebenzi bezingilazi nama-sand-blasters nabo bavezwa ku-silica.

Izinhlobo ezintathu ze-silicosis zenzeka:

• I-silicosis engalapheki, ebangelwa ukuvezwa kwesikhathi eside (ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-20) kuya kumanani aphansi othuli lwe-silica. Uthuli lwesilica lubangela ukuvuvukala emaphashini nasesifubeni ama-lymph node. Lesi sifo singadala ukuthi abantu babe nenkinga yokuphefumula. Le yindlela ejwayelekile kakhulu ye-silicosis.
• I-silicosis esheshayo, eyenzeka ngemuva kokuchayeka kumanani amakhulu kasilika esikhathini esifushane (iminyaka emi-5 kuye kwengu-15). Ukuvuvukala emaphashini nasezimpawu kwenzeka ngokushesha ukwedlula i-silicosis elula.
• I-acute silicosis, edalwa ukutholakala kwesikhashana esifushane kunani elikhulu kakhulu le-silika. Amaphaphu avutha kakhulu futhi angagcwala uketshezi, kubangele ukuphefumula okukhulu kanye nezinga eliphansi le-oxygen yegazi.

Abantu abasebenza emisebenzini lapho bevezwa khona uthuli lwe-silica basengozini. Le misebenzi ifaka phakathi:

• Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Abrasives
• Ukukhiqizwa kwengilazi
• Izimayini
• Ukumba
• Ukwakhiwa kwemigwaqo nokwakhiwa
• Ukuqhuma kwesihlabathi
• Ukuzisika kwamatshe

Ukuvezwa okukhulu kwe-silika kungadala izifo kungakapheli unyaka. Kepha imvamisa kuthatha okungenani iminyaka eyi-10 kuye kwengu-15 yokuvezwa ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu. I-Silicosis seyingasavami kakhulu selokhu i-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) yakha imithethonqubo edinga ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokuzivikela, ezikhawulela inani labasebenzi be-silica dust abadonsa.

Izimpawu zifaka:

• Khwehlela
• Ukuphelelwa umoya
• Ukwehla kwesisindo

Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzothatha umlando wezokwelapha. Uzobuzwa ngemisebenzi yakho (eyedlule neyamanje), okokuzilibazisa, neminye imisebenzi okungenzeka ikuvezele i-silica. Umhlinzeki uzophinde enze ukuhlolwa komzimba.

Ukuhlolwa kokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa nokukhishwa kwezifo ezifanayo kufaka:

• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Isikena se-CT esifubeni
• Ukuhlolwa komsebenzi wePulmonary
• Ukuhlolwa kwesifo sofuba
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwezifo zezicubu ezihlanganayo

Akukho ukwelashwa okuqondile kwe-silicosis. Ukususa umthombo wokuchayeka kwe-silica kubalulekile ukuvikela ukuthi lesi sifo singabi sibi kakhulu. Ukwelashwa okusekelayo kufaka phakathi umuthi wokukhwehlela, ama-bronchodilators, ne-oxygen uma kudingeka. Ama-antibiotic anqunyelwe izifo zokuphefumula njengoba kudingeka.

Ukwelashwa kufaka phakathi ukunciphisa ukuvezwa kokucasulwa nokuyeka ukubhema.

Abantu abane-silicosis basengozini enkulu yokuba nesifo sofuba (TB). I-Silica kukholakala ukuthi iphazamisa impendulo yomzimba yokuzivikela kumagciwane abanga i-TB. Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba ukuhlola ukutholakala kwe-TB kufanele kwenziwe njalo. Labo abahlolwa kahle isikhumba kufanele belashwe ngemithi elwa nesifo sofuba. Noma yiluphi ushintsho ekubukeni kwesifuba i-x-ray kungaba uphawu lwe-TB.

Abantu abane-silicosis enamandla bangadinga ukufakelwa amaphaphu.

Ukujoyina iqembu losizo lapho ungahlangana khona nabanye abantu abane-silicosis noma izifo ezihlobene nakho kungakusiza uqonde isifo sakho futhi uvumelane nokwelashwa kwaso.

Umphumela uyehluka, kuya ngenani lomonakalo emaphashini.

I-Silicosis ingaholela ezinkingeni zezempilo ezilandelayo:

• Izifo zezicubu ezixhumayo, kufaka phakathi i-rheumatoid arthritis, i-scleroderma (ebizwa nangokuthi yi-progressive systemic sclerosis), ne-systemic lupus erythematosus
• Umdlavuza wamaphaphu
• I-fibrosis enkulu eqhubekayo
• Ukwehluleka kokuphefumula
• Isifo sofuba

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma usola ukuthi uvezwe ku-silica emsebenzini futhi unezinkinga zokuphefumula. Ukuba ne-silicosis kwenza kube lula kuwe ukuthuthukisa ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu. Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho mayelana nokuthola imishanguzo yomkhuhlane nenyumoniya.

Uma utholakale une-silicosis, shayela umhlinzeki wakho ngokushesha uma uba nokukhwehlela, ukuphefumula okuncane, umkhuhlane, noma ezinye izimpawu zokutheleleka kwamaphaphu, ikakhulukazi uma ucabanga ukuthi unomkhuhlane. Njengoba amaphaphu akho esevele onakele, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ukwelashwa kutholakale ngokushesha. Lokhu kuzovimbela izinkinga zokuphefumula ukuthi zingabi nzima, kanye nokunye ukulimala emaphashini akho.

Uma usebenza emsebenzini onobungozi obukhulu noma unomsebenzi wokuzilibazisa onobungozi, gqoka isifihla-buso futhi ungabhemi. Ungahle uthande ukusebenzisa okunye ukuvikelwa okunconywe yi-OSHA, okufana nokuphefumula.

I-silicosis enamandla; I-silicosis engapheli; I-silicosis esheshayo; I-fibrosis enkulu eqhubekayo; I-conglomerate silicosis; I-Silicoproteinosis

• Amaphaphu wesisebenzi samalahle - i-x-ray yesifuba
• Abasebenzi bamalahle i-pneumoconiosis - isigaba II
• Abasebenzi bamalahle i-pneumoconiosis - isigaba II
• Abasebenzi bamalahle i-pneumoconiosis, inzima
• Uhlelo lokuphefumula

UCowie RL, u-Becklake MR. I-pneumoconioses. Ku: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, abakwa-eds. Incwadi kaMurray neNadel Yemithi Yokuphefumula. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 73.

UTarlo SM. Isifo samaphaphu emsebenzini. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-25. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 93.