I-Mitral stenosis

I-Mitral stenosis yisifo lapho i-mitral valve ingavuli ngokuphelele. Lokhu kuvimbela ukuphuma kwegazi.

Igazi eligeleza phakathi kwamakamelo ahlukene enhliziyo yakho kufanele ligeleze nge-valve. I-valve ephakathi kwamakamelo ama-2 ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwenhliziyo yakho ibizwa nge-mitral valve. Ivula ngokwanele ukuze igazi likwazi ukugeleza lisuka egumbini eliphezulu lenhliziyo yakho (i-atria yesobunxele) liye egumbini eliphansi (i-ventricle yangakwesobunxele). Bese iyavala, igcine igazi lingageleki emuva.

I-Mitral stenosis isho ukuthi i-valve ayikwazi ukuvula ngokwanele. Ngenxa yalokho, igazi elincane ligeleza emzimbeni. Igumbi eliphezulu lenhliziyo liyakhukhumala njengoba ingcindezi ikhula. Igazi noketshezi kungabe sekuqoqeka ezicutshini zamaphaphu (i-pulmonary edema), okwenza kube nzima ukuphefumula.

Kubantu abadala, i-mitral stenosis yenzeka kaningi kubantu ababene-rheumatic fever. Lesi yisifo esingakhula ngemuva kokugula nge-strep throat okungazange kwelashwe kahle.

Izinkinga ze-valve zikhula eminyakeni emi-5 kuya kwengu-10 noma ngaphezulu ngemuva kokuba nomkhuhlane wamathambo. Izimpawu kungenzeka zingabonakali isikhathi eside. I-rheumatic fever iyaqabukela e-United States ngoba ukutheleleka nge-strep kuvame ukwelashwa. Lokhu kwenze i-mitral stenosis ingajwayelekile.

Ngokuvamile, ezinye izinto zingadala i-mitral stenosis kubantu abadala. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Ama-calcium deposits akha azungeze i-mitral valve
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe esifubeni
• Eminye imithi

Izingane zingazalwa zine-mitral stenosis (congenital) noma ezinye iziphambeko zokuzalwa ezibandakanya inhliziyo edala i-mitral stenosis. Imvamisa, kukhona okunye ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okukhona kanye ne-mitral stenosis.

I-Mitral stenosis ingasebenza emindenini.

Abantu abadala kungenzeka bangabi nazimpawu. Kodwa-ke, izimpawu zingavela noma zibe zimbi kakhulu ngokuvivinya umzimba noma omunye umsebenzi okhulisa izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo. Izimpawu zivame ukukhula phakathi kweminyaka engama-20 nengama-50.

Izimpawu zingaqala ngesiqephu se-atrial fibrillation (ikakhulukazi uma sibangela ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo). Izimpawu nazo zingabangelwa ukukhulelwa noma okunye ukucindezeleka emzimbeni, njengokutheleleka enhliziyweni noma emaphashini, noma ezinye izifo zenhliziyo.

Izimpawu zingafaka:

• Ukungakhululeki kwesifuba okwenyuka ngomsebenzi futhi kudlulele engalweni, entanyeni, emhlathini noma kwezinye izindawo (lokhu akuvamile)
• Ukukhwehlela, mhlawumbe nge-phlegm enegazi
• Kunzima ukuphefumula ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca noma ngemuva (Lesi uphawu oluvame kakhulu.)
• Ukuvuka ngenxa yezinkinga zokuphefumula noma lapho ulele endaweni eyisicaba
• Ukukhathala
• Izifo ezivame ukuphefumula, njenge-bronchitis
• Uzwa ukushaya kwenhliziyo okushaya ngamandla (ukushaya ngamandla)
• Ukuvuvukala kwezinyawo noma amaqakala

Ezinganeni nasezinganeni, izimpawu zingaba khona kusukela ekuzalweni (kokuzalwa). Cishe izokhula njalo eminyakeni emibili yokuqala yokuphila. Izimpawu zifaka:

• Khwehlela
• Ukungondli kahle, noma ukujuluka lapho usuthisa
• Ukukhula okubi
• Ukuphelelwa umoya

Umhlinzeki wezempilo uzolalela inhliziyo namaphaphu nge-stethoscope. Kungase kuzwakale ukububula, ukuqhuma, noma omunye umsindo wenhliziyo ongavamile. Ukukhononda okujwayelekile umsindo odumayo ozwakala ngaphezulu kwenhliziyo ngesikhathi sokuphumula kwenhliziyo. Umsindo uvame ukuzwakala kakhulu ngaphambi nje kokuba inhliziyo iqale ukudungeka.

Ukuhlolwa kungabuye kuveze ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungafani noma ukuminyana kwamaphaphu. Umfutho wegazi uvame kakhulu.

Ukuncipha noma ukuvinjelwa kwe-valve noma ukuvuvukala kwamagumbi aphezulu enhliziyo kungabonakala ku:

• I-x-ray yesifuba
• I-Echocardiogram
• I-ECG (electrocardiogram)
• I-MRI noma i-CT yenhliziyo
• I-Transceophageal echocardiogram (TEE)

Ukwelashwa kuya ngezimpawu nesimo senhliziyo namaphaphu. Abantu abanezimpawu ezincane noma abangenayo nhlobo abangahle badinge ukwelashwa. Ukuze uthole izimpawu ezinzima, kungadingeka ukuthi uye esibhedlela ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa.

Imithi engasetshenziswa ukwelapha izimpawu zokwehluleka kwenhliziyo, umfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye nokwehlisa noma ukulawula isigqi senhliziyo kufaka:

• I-diuretics (amaphilisi wamanzi)
• Ama-nitrate, ama-beta-blocker
• Ama-block block wesiteshi seCalcium
• Ama-ACE inhibitors
• Ama-Angiotensin receptor blockers (ama-ARB)
• I-Digoxin
• Izidakamizwa zokwelapha isigqi senhliziyo esingajwayelekile

Ama-Anticoagulants (ama-thinner egazi) asetshenziselwa ukuvimbela amahlule egazi ukuthi akhe futhi ahambele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Ama-antibiotic angasetshenziswa kwezinye izimo ze-mitral stenosis. Abantu abane-rheumatic fever bangadinga ukwelashwa okuvikela isikhathi eside ngama-antibiotic afana ne-penicillin.

Esikhathini esedlule, iningi labantu abanezinkinga ze-valve yenhliziyo belinikezwa ama-antibiotic ngaphambi komsebenzi wamazinyo noma izinqubo ezihlaselayo, njenge-colonoscopy. Ama-antibiotic anikezwa ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwe-valve yenhliziyo eyonakele. Kodwa-ke, ama-antibiotics manje asasetshenziswa kaningi kakhulu. Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi udinga yini ukusebenzisa ama-antibiotic.

Abanye abantu bangadinga ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo noma izinqubo zokwelapha i-mitral stenosis. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• I-mitral balloon balvonomy (ebizwa nangokuthi i-valvuloplasty). Phakathi nale nqubo, kufakwa ishubhu (ipayipi) emthanjeni, imvamisa emlenzeni. It is threaded up enhliziyweni. Ibhaluni enqenqemeni ye-catheter iyagcwala, yandisa i-mitral valve futhi ithuthukise ukugeleza kwegazi. Le nqubo ingavivinywa esikhundleni sokuhlinzwa kubantu abane-mitral valve engakonakali kakhulu (ikakhulukazi uma i-valve ingavuzi kakhulu). Noma iphumelele, inqubo ingadinga ukuphindwa ezinyangeni noma eminyakeni eyalandela.
• Ukuhlinzwa ukulungisa noma ukufaka esikhundleni i-mitral valve. Amaphayiphu wokufaka angenziwa ngezinto ezahlukene. Ezinye zingahlala amashumi eminyaka, kanti ezinye zingaguga futhi zidinga ukushintshwa.

Izingane zivame ukudinga ukuhlinzekwa ukulungisa noma ukufaka i-mitral valve.

Umphumela uyehluka. Lesi sifo singahle sibe mnene, ngaphandle kwezimpawu, noma sibe nzima kakhulu futhi sikhubaze ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izinkinga zingaba nzima noma zisongele impilo. Ezimweni eziningi, i-mitral stenosis ingalawulwa ngokwelashwa futhi ithuthukiswe nge-valvuloplasty noma ngokuhlinzwa.

Izinkinga zingafaka:

• I-Atrial fibrillation ne-atrial flutter
• Amahlule egazi ebuchosheni (isifo sohlangothi), amathumbu, izinso, noma ezinye izindawo
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo yokubopha
• I-edema yamaphaphu
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu wamaphaphu

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma:

• Unezimpawu ze-mitral stenosis.
• Une-mitral stenosis futhi izimpawu azithuthuki ngokwelashwa, noma kuvela izimpawu ezintsha.

Landela izincomo zomhlinzeki wakho zokwelapha izimo ezingadala isifo se-valve. Phatha izifo ezithathelwanayo ngokushesha ukuvimbela i-rheumatic fever. Tshela umhlinzeki wakho uma unomlando womndeni wezifo zenhliziyo ezizelwe.

Ngaphandle kokwelashwa kwezifo ze-strep, i-mitral stenosis uqobo kaningi ayinakuvinjelwa, kepha izinkinga ezivela kulesi simo zingavinjelwa. Tshela umhlinzeki wakho ngesifo se-valve senhliziyo yakho ngaphambi kokuthola ukwelashwa. Xoxa ngokuthi uyawadinga yini ama-antibiotic okuvimbela.

Ukuvinjelwa kwe-Mitral valve; Inhliziyo mitral stenosis; I-Valvular mitral stenosis

• I-Mitral stenosis
• Ama-valve enhliziyo
• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-valve yenhliziyo - uchungechunge

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