I-hepatitis A

I-Hepatitis A ukuvuvukala (ukucasula nokuvuvukala) kwesibindi kusuka egazini le-hepatitis A.

Igciwane lesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo A litholakala ikakhulu esihlalweni nasegazini lomuntu onegciwane. Leli gciwane likhona cishe ezinsukwini eziyi-15 kuya kwezingu-45 ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu naphakathi nesonto lokuqala lokugula.

Ungabamba i-hepatitis A uma:

• Udla noma uphuza ukudla noma amanzi angcoliswe indle (indle) equkethe igciwane le-hepatitis A. Izithelo nemifino engaphekiwe nengaphekiwe, izimbaza, iqhwa namanzi kuyimithombo evamile yalesi sifo.
• Uhlangana nesitulo noma igazi lomuntu okwamanje onalesi sifo.
• Umuntu one-hepatitis A udlulisela igciwane entweni noma ekudleni ngenxa yokugeza izandla ngemuva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese.
• Ubamba iqhaza emikhubeni yezocansi ehilela ukuthintana ngomlomo.

Akuwona wonke umuntu onezimpawu zokutheleleka nge-hepatitis A. Ngakho-ke, baningi abantu abathelelekile kunaleyo etholakele noma ebikiwe.

Izici zobungozi zifaka:

• Ukuhambela phesheya kwezilwandle, ikakhulukazi e-Asia, eNingizimu noma eMelika Ephakathi, e-Afrika naseMpumalanga Ephakathi
• Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ze-IV
• Ukuhlala esikhungweni sekhaya labahlengikazi
• Ukusebenza embonini yezokunakekelwa kwempilo, ukudla, noma indle
• Ukudla izimbaza ezinjengama-oysters kanye nama-clams

Ezinye izifo ezivamile zokutheleleka nge-hepatitis zihlanganisa i-hepatitis B ne-hepatitis C. I-Hepatitis A iyona ebucayi futhi emnene kulezi zifo.

Izimpawu zivame ukuvela emasontweni amabili kuya kwayisithupha ngemuva kokuvezwa igciwane le-hepatitis A. Imvamisa imnene, kepha ingahlala izinyanga ezithile, ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala.

Izimpawu zifaka:

• Umchamo omnyama
• Ukukhathala
• Ukulunywa
• Ukuphelelwa isifiso sokudla
• Umkhuhlane osezingeni eliphansi
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Izitulo ezinombala ophuzi noma ezinobumba
• Isikhumba esiphuzi (i-jaundice)

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba, okungakhombisa ukuthi isibindi sakho sikhulisiwe futhi sinethenda.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungakhombisa:

• Ama-antibody aphakanyisiwe e-IgM ne-IgG ku-hepatitis A (i-IgM ivame ukuba ne-HIV ngaphambi kwe-IgG)
• Amasosha omzimba e-IgM avela ngesikhathi sokutheleleka okunamandla
• Ama-enzyme aphakeme wesibindi (ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi), ikakhulukazi amazinga we-enzyme ye-transaminase

Akukho ukwelashwa okuqondile kwesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo A.

• Kufanele uphumule futhi uhlale unamanzi amaningi lapho izimpawu zimbi kakhulu.
• Abantu abane-hepatitis ebukhali kufanele bagweme utshwala nezidakamizwa ezinobuthi esibindini, kufaka phakathi i-acetaminophen (Tylenol) ngesikhathi sokugula kakhulu nezinyanga ezimbalwa ngemuva kokululama.
• Ukudla okunamafutha kungadala ukuhlanza futhi kugwenywe kangcono ngesikhathi sesifo esibi.

Igciwane alihlali emzimbeni ngemuva kokutheleleka sekudlulile.

Abantu abaningi abane-hepatitis A bayalulama kungakapheli izinyanga ezintathu. Cishe bonke abantu baba ngcono ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. Awukho umonakalo ongapheli uma usuthole. Futhi, awukwazi ukuthola lesi sifo futhi. Kukhona ingozi ephansi yokufa. Ingozi iphezulu kubantu abadala asebekhulile kanye nabantu abanesifo esingalapheki sesibindi.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma unezimpawu zesifo sokusha kwesibindi.

Izeluleko ezilandelayo zingasiza ekunciphiseni ubungozi bokusabalalisa noma bokubamba igciwane:

• Hlanza izandla zakho njalo ngemuva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, nalapho uhlangana negazi lomuntu, onezihlalo, noma olunye uketshezi lomzimba.
• Gwema ukudla namanzi okungcolile.

Leli gciwane lingasakazeka ngokushesha okukhulu ezikhungweni zokunakekela izingane nakwezinye izindawo lapho abantu besondelene kakhulu khona. Ukugeza izandla ngokuphelele ngaphambi nangemva kokushintsha inabukeni ngalinye, ngaphambi kokuphaka ukudla, nangemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese kungasiza ekuvikeleni ukuqubuka okunjalo.

Buza umhlinzeki wakho mayelana nokuthola i-immune globulin noma umuthi wokugoma i-hepatitis A uma utholakale kulesi sifo futhi awukaze ube ne-hepatitis A noma umuthi wokugoma we-hepatitis A.

Izizathu ezivamile zokuthola eyodwa noma zombili lezi zindlela zokwelapha zifaka:

• Unesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B noma C noma yiluphi uhlobo lwesifo esingalapheki sesibindi.
• Uhlala nomuntu one-hepatitis A.
• Usanda kuhlangana ngokocansi nomuntu onesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo A.
• Usanda kwabelana ngezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni, ezijojowe noma ezingafakiwe, nomuntu one-hepatitis A.
• Ube nokuxhumana okusondelene isikhathi esithile nomuntu onesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo A.
• Uke wadla endaweni yokudlela lapho kutholakala ukuthi abaphathi bokudla noma abanesifo bangenwe yi-hepatitis.
• Uhlela ukuhambela izindawo lapho kuvame khona i-hepatitis A.

Imishanguzo evikela ukutheleleka kwe-hepatitis A iyatholakala. Umuthi wokugoma uqala ukuvikela amasonto ama-4 ngemuva kokuthola umthamo wokuqala. Uzodinga ukuthola i-booster shot ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-6 kuye kwezingu-12 ukuze uvikeleke isikhathi eside.

Abahambi kufanele bathathe izinyathelo ezilandelayo ukuvikela ekutholeni lesi sifo:

• Gwema imikhiqizo yobisi.
• Gwema inyama nenhlanzi eluhlaza noma engaphekiwe.
• Qaphela izithelo ezisikiwe okungenzeka ukuthi zigezwe ngamanzi angahlanzekile. Abahambi kufanele bahlube zonke izithelo nemifino.
• UNGAKUTHENGI ukudla kubathengisi basemgwaqweni.
• Gonyelwa i-hepatitis A (futhi mhlawumbe nesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B) uma uhambela amazwe lapho kwenzeka khona ukuqubuka kwalesi sifo.
• Sebenzisa amanzi asebhodleleni anekhabhoni kuphela ukuxubha amazinyo nokuphuza. (Khumbula ukuthi izingcezu zeqhwa zingathwala izifo.)
• Uma amanzi asemabhodleleni engekho, amanzi abilayo ayindlela engcono kakhulu yokususa i-hepatitis A. Letha amanzi emathunjini agcwele okungenani iminithi elilodwa ukuze kuphephe ukuphuza.
• Ukudla okufudumele kufanele kushise lapho kuthintwa bese kudliwa ngokushesha.

I-hepatitis yegciwane; Isifo sokusha kwesibindi esithathelwanayo

• Uhlelo lokugaya ukudla
• I-hepatitis A

UFreedman MS, uHunter P, u-Ault K, uKroger A. Ikomidi Elelulekayo Lemikhuba Yokugoma lincoma uhlelo lokugoma kubantu abadala abaneminyaka engu-19 noma ngaphezulu - e-United States, 2020. IMMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020; 69 (5): 133-135. I-PMID: 32027627 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32027627.

UPawlotsky JM. I-hepatitis enamandla yegciwane. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 139.

URobinson CL, uBernstein H, uPoehling K, uRomero JR, uSzilagyi P. Ikomidi Elelulekayo Lemikhuba Yokugoma lincoma uhlelo lokugoma lwezingane nentsha eneminyaka eyi-18 noma ngaphansi - e-United States, 2020. IMMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020; 69 (5): 130-132. I-PMID: 32027628 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32027628.

USjogren MH, uBassett JT. I-Hepatitis A. Ku: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, ama-eds. ISleisenger neFordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease: IPathophysiology / Diagnosis / Management. Umhlaka 10. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 78.