Pheochromocytoma

I-Pheochromocytoma yisilonda esingavamile sezicubu ze-adrenal gland. Kuholela ekukhishweni kwe-epinephrine ne-norepinephrine eningi kakhulu, ama-hormone alawula ukushaya kwenhliziyo, imetabolism, nomfutho wegazi.

I-Pheochromocytoma kungenzeka njengesimila esisodwa noma ukukhula okungaphezu kokukodwa. Imvamisa ikhula maphakathi (medulla) kolunye noma zombili izindlala ze-adrenal. Izindlala ze-adrenal yizindlala ezimbili ezimise unxantathu. Indlala eyodwa itholakala ngaphezulu kwesinso ngasinye. Ezimweni ezingavamile, i-pheochromocytoma ivela ngaphandle kwendlala ye-adrenal. Uma kwenzeka, imvamisa iba kwenye indawo esiswini.

Ambalwa kakhulu ama-pheochromocytomas anomdlavuza.

Izicubu zingenzeka kunoma yisiphi isikhathi, kepha zivame kakhulu kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube maphakathi nokuba mdala.

Ezimweni ezimbalwa, lesi simo singabonakala nasemalungwini omndeni (ifa).

Iningi labantu abanalesi sifo lihlaselwa yizimpawu ezithile, ezenzeka lapho isimila sikhipha ama-hormone. Ukuhlaselwa kuvame ukuthatha imizuzu embalwa kuya emahoreni. Isethi yezimpawu zifaka:

• Ukuphathwa ikhanda
• Inhliziyo ishaya ngamandla
• Ukujuluka
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu

Njengoba isimila sikhula, ukuhlaselwa kuvame ukwanda ngemvamisa, ubude, nobukhali.

Ezinye izimpawu ezingenzeka zibandakanya:

• Ubuhlungu besisu noma besifuba
• Ukuthukuthela, ukwethuka
• Pallor
• Ukwehla kwesisindo
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Ukuphelelwa umoya
• Ukuquleka
• Izinkinga zokulala

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba. Uzobuzwa ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha nezimpawu.

Ukuhlolwa okwenziwe kungafaka:

• Iskena se-CT esiswini
• I-adrenal biopsy
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi leCatecholamines (serum catecholamines)
• Ukuhlolwa kweglucose
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kweMetanephrine (serum metanephrine)
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging okubizwa nge-MIBG scintiscan
• I-MRI yesisu
• Amakhemikhali e-urine
• Umchamo metanephrines
• I-PET scan yesisu

Ukwelashwa kuhilela ukukhipha isimila ngokuhlinzwa. Kubalulekile ukusimamisa umfutho wegazi nokushaya ngamandla kwemithi ethile ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Ungadinga ukuhlala esibhedlela futhi izimpawu zakho ezibalulekile ziqashwe eduze ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, izimpawu zakho ezibalulekile zizobhekwa ngokuqhubekayo egumbini labagula kakhulu.

Lapho isimila singeke sisuswe ngokuhlinzwa, uzodinga ukuthatha umuthi ukusilawula. Inhlanganisela yemithi ivame ukudingeka ukulawula imiphumela yamahomoni angeziwe. Ukwelashwa ngemisebe nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali akuzange kuphumelele ekwelapheni lolu hlobo lwesimila.

Abantu abaningi abanezicubu ezingenasifo somdlavuza ezisuswa ngokuhlinzwa basaphila ngemuva kweminyaka emihlanu. Amathumba abuya kwabanye abantu. Amaleveli amahomoni norepinephrine kanye ne-epinephrine abuyela kokujwayelekile ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.

Umfutho wegazi ophakeme oqhubekayo kungenzeka ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Ukwelashwa okujwayelekile kuvame ukulawula umfutho wegazi ophakeme.

Abantu abelashelwe ngempumelelo i-pheochromocytoma kufanele bahlolwe ngezikhathi ezithile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isimila asibuyanga. Amalungu omndeni asondele nawo angazuza ekuhlolweni, ngoba amanye amacala atholwe njengefa.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma:

• Yiba nezimpawu ze-pheochromocytoma, ezinjengekhanda, ukujuluka nokushaywa
• Ubunepheochromocytoma esikhathini esedlule futhi izimpawu zakho ziyabuya

Izimila ze-chromaffin; IParaganglionoma

• Izindlala ze-Endocrine
• I-adrenal metastases - i-CT scan
• I-Adrenal Tumor - CT
• Uketshezi lwe-adrenal gland secretion

Iwebhusayithi yeNational Cancer Institute. Ukwelashwa kwe-Pheochromocytoma ne-paraganglioma (PDQ) - inguqulo yezempilo. Umdlavuza.gov. www.cancer.gov/types/pheochromocytoma/hp/pheochromocytoma-treatment-pdq#link/_38_toc. Kubuyekezwe ngo-Septhemba 23, 2020. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Okthoba 14, 2020.

UPacak K, ama-Timmers HJLM, u-Eisenhofer G. Pheochromocytoma. Ku: Jameson JL, De Groot LJ, de Kretser DM, et al, abahleli. I-Endocrinology: Eyabantu Abadala Neyengane. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 110.

UBrigode WM, uMiraflor EJ, uPalmer BJA. Ukuphathwa kwe-pheochromocytoma. Ku: UCameron AM, uCameron JL, ama-eds. Ukwelashwa Kwamanje. Umhlaka 13. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: 750-756.