Izingozi zezempilo zokukhuluphala ngokweqile

Ukukhuluphala kuyisimo sezokwelapha lapho inani eliphakeme lamafutha omzimba lenyusa amathuba okuba nezinkinga zokwelashwa.

Abantu abanesisindo sokukhuluphala banethuba eliphakeme lokuthuthukisa lezi zinkinga zezempilo:

• I-glucose ephezulu yegazi (ushukela) noma isifo sikashukela.
• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme (umfutho wegazi ophezulu).
• I-cholesterol yegazi ephezulu kanye ne-triglycerides (i-dyslipidemia, noma amafutha aphezulu egazi).
• Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo ngenxa yesifo senhliziyo, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, nokushaya uhlangothi.
• Izinkinga zamathambo namalunga, isisindo esiningi sifaka ingcindezi emathanjeni nasemalungeni. Lokhu kungaholela ku-osteoarthritis, isifo esibangela ubuhlungu bamalunga nokuqina.
• Ukuyeka ukuphefumula ngesikhathi sokulala (i-apnea yokulala). Lokhu kungadala ukukhathala kwasemini noma ukulala, ukunganakwa kahle, nezinkinga emsebenzini.
• Izinkinga zamatshe kanye nezinkinga zesibindi.
• Eminye imidlavuza.

Izinto ezintathu zingasetshenziswa ukuthola ukuthi amafutha omzimba womuntu amnikeza yini ithuba eliphakeme lokuthuthukisa izifo ezihlobene nokukhuluphala:

• Inkomba yomzimba womzimba (BMI)
• Usayizi wesinqe
• Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi umuntu anazo (into ebanga ubungozi yinoma yini ekhulisa amathuba akho okuthola isifo)

Ochwepheshe bavame ukuthembela kwi-BMI ukuthola ukuthi ngabe umuntu ukhuluphele ngokweqile yini. I-BMI ilinganisela izinga lakho lamafutha omzimba ngokuya ngobude nesisindo sakho.

Kusukela ngo-25.0, uma iphakama i-BMI yakho, iba nkulu ingozi yokuba nezinkinga zezempilo ezihlobene nokukhuluphala. Lezi zigaba ze-BMI zisetshenziselwa ukuchaza amazinga engcuphe:

• Ukhuluphele ngokweqile (hhayi okhuluphele), uma i-BMI ingu-25.0 kuye ku-29.9
• Ukukhuluphala kwesigaba 1 (okuyingozi encane), uma i-BMI ingu-30.0 kuye ku-34.9
• Isigaba 2 (ingozi elinganiselayo) ukukhuluphala, uma i-BMI ingu-35.0 kuye ku-39.9
• Ukukhuluphala kwesigaba 3 (okuyingozi enkulu), uma i-BMI ilingana noma ingaphezu kuka-40.0

Kunamawebhusayithi amaningi anama-calculator anika i-BMI yakho lapho ufaka isisindo sakho nokuphakama.

Abesifazane abanosayizi okhalweni ongaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-35 (amasentimitha angama-89) nabesilisa abanosayizi okhalweni ongaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-40 (102 centimeters) banengozi eyengeziwe yesifo senhliziyo futhi bathayipha isifo sikashukela sesi-2. Abantu abanemizimba "emise okwe-apula" (okhalweni kukhulu kunezinqe) nabo baba nengozi eyengeziwe yalezi zimo.

Ukuba nengcuphe akusho ukuthi uzosithola lesi sifo. Kepha kuyakwenyusa ithuba lokuthi uzokwenza. Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi, ezifana nobudala, ubuhlanga, noma umlando womndeni awukwazi ukuguqulwa.

Lapho unezinto eziyingozi kakhulu, maningi amathuba okuthi uzoba nesifo noma inkinga yezempilo.

Ingozi yakho yokuthola izinkinga zempilo ezifana nesifo senhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, nezinkinga zezinso ziyanda uma ukhuluphele futhi unalezi zici eziyingozi:

• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu (umfutho wegazi ophakeme)
• I-cholesterol yegazi ephezulu noma i-triglycerides
• I-glucose ephezulu yegazi (ushukela), uphawu lohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela

Lezi ezinye izinto eziyingozi zesifo senhliziyo nesifo sohlangothi azibangelwa ukukhuluphala:

• Ukuba nelungu lomndeni elingaphansi kweminyaka engama-50 elinesifo senhliziyo
• Ukungasebenzi ngokomzimba noma impilo yokuphila
• Ukubhema noma ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo kagwayi yanoma iluphi uhlobo

Ungalawula eziningi zalezi zinto ezinobungozi ngokushintsha indlela ophila ngayo. Uma ukhuluphele ngokweqile, umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo angakusiza ukuthi uqale uhlelo lokunciphisa umzimba. Umgomo wokuqala wokulahlekelwa ngu-5% kuya ku-10% wesisindo sakho samanje uzonciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuba nezifo ezihlobene nokukhuluphala.

• Ukukhuluphala kanye nempilo

UCowley MA, uBrown WA, uConsidine RV. Ukukhuluphala: inkinga nokuphathwa kwayo. Ku: Jameson JL, De Groot LJ, de Kretser DM, et al, abahleli. I-Endocrinology: Eyabantu Abadala Neyengane. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 26.

UJensen MD. Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-25. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 220.

I-Moyer VA; I-U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ukuhlolisiswa nokuphathwa kokukhuluphala kubantu abadala: Isitatimende sezincomo se-US Preventive Services Task Force. U-Ann Intern Med. 2012; 157 (5): 373-378. I-PMID: 22733087 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22733087.

• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile