I-hyperlipidemia ejwayelekile ehlanganisiwe

I-hyperlipidemia ejwayelekile ehlanganisiwe yisifo esidluliswa ngemindeni. Kubanga i-cholesterol ephezulu kanye ne-triglycerides ephezulu yegazi.

I-hyperlipidemia ehlangene ejwayelekile yinkinga ejwayelekile kakhulu yezofuzo eyandisa amafutha egazi. Kungadala ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kusenesikhathi.

Isifo sikashukela, ukuphuza ngokweqile, ne-hypothyroidism senza isimo sibe sibi kakhulu. Izici zobungozi zifaka umlando womndeni we-cholesterol ephezulu kanye nesifo sokuqala somthambo we-coronary.

Eminyakeni yokuqala, kungahle kungabikho zimpawu.

Lapho izimpawu zivela, zingafaka:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba (i-angina) noma ezinye izimpawu zesifo se-coronary artery zingaba khona zisencane.
• Ukucinana kwenkonyane elilodwa noma womabili lapho uhamba.
• Izilonda ezinzwaneni ezingapholi.
• Izimpawu ezinjengokushaywa unhlangothi ngokungazelelwe, njengokukhuluma kanzima, ukwehla ohlangothini lobuso, ubuthakathaka bengalo noma umlenze, nokulahlekelwa ibhalansi.

Abantu abanalesi simo bangakhula ne-cholesterol ephezulu noma amazinga aphezulu e-triglyceride njengabasha. Isimo singabuye sitholakale lapho abantu beseneminyaka engama-20 nengama-30. Amazinga ahlala ephezulu sonke isikhathi sokuphila. Labo abane-hyperlipidemia yomndeni ehlangene banengozi eyengeziwe yokuthola isifo semithambo yokuqala nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Futhi banamazinga aphezulu okukhuluphala futhi maningi amathuba okuthi bangabekezelelani noshukela.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuzokwenziwa ukuhlola amazinga akho e-cholesterol ne-triglycerides. Ukuhlolwa kuzokhombisa:

• Ukwandisa i-cholesterol ye-LDL
• Kwehle i-cholesterol ye-HDL
• I-triglycerides eyandisiwe
• Ukwandiswa kwe-apolipoprotein B100

Ukuhlolwa kofuzo kuyatholakala ngohlobo olulodwa lwe-hyperlipidemia yomndeni ehlangene.

Umgomo wokwelashwa ukunciphisa ubungozi besifo senhliziyo i-atherosclerotic.

IZINGUQUKO ZOKUPHILA

Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuguqula lokho okudlayo. Isikhathi esiningi, uzozama izinguquko zokudla izinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba udokotela wakho ancome imithi. Izinguquko zokudla zifaka ukwehlisa inani lamafutha agcwele noshukela ocwengekile.

Nazi ezinye izinguquko ongazenza:

• Yidla inyama yenkomo encane, inkukhu, ingulube, newundlu
• Shintsha imikhiqizo yobisi ephansi enamafutha agcwele
• Gwema amakhukhi ahlanganisiwe nezimpahla ezibhakiwe eziqukethe amafutha we-trans
• Nciphisa i-cholesterol oyidlayo ngokunciphisa izikhupha zamaqanda nenyama yezitho zomzimba

Ukwelulekwa kwengqondo kuvame ukunconywa ukusiza abantu benze izinguquko emikhubeni yabo yokudla. Ukwehla kwesisindo nokuvivinya umzimba njalo kungasiza ukwehlisa amazinga akho e-cholesterol.

IMITHI

Uma izinguquko zokuphila zingashintshi amazinga akho e-cholesterol ngokwanele, noma usengozini enkulu kakhulu yesifo senhliziyo i-atherosclerotic, umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angancoma ukuthi uthathe imithi. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zemithi yokusiza ukwehlisa amazinga e-cholesterol egazini.

Izidakamizwa zisebenza ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene ukukusiza ukufezekisa amazinga e-lipid enempilo. Ezinye zingcono ekwehliseni i-cholesterol ye-LDL, ezinye zinhle ekwehliseni i-triglycerides, kanti ezinye zisiza ukukhulisa i-cholesterol ye-HDL.

Izidakamizwa ezisetshenziswa kakhulu, nezisebenza kahle kakhulu ekwelapheni i-cholesterol ephezulu ye-LDL zibizwa ngokuthi ama-statins. Kubandakanya i-lovastatin (Mevacor), pravastatin (Pravachol), simvastatin (Zocor), fluvastatin (Lescol), atorvastatin (Lipitor), rosuvastatin (Crestor), ne-pitivastatin (Livalo).

Eminye imithi yokwehlisa i-cholesterol ifaka phakathi:

• Izinhlaka ze-acid-sequestering.
• Ezetimibe.
• Ama-Fibrate (njenge-gemfibrozil ne-fenofibrate).
• I-Nicotinic acid.
• Ama-PCSK9 inhibitors, afana ne-alirocumab (Okubalulekile) ne-evolocumab (Repatha) Lokhu kumelela isigaba esisha semithi yokwelapha i-cholesterol ephezulu.

Ukwenza kahle kangakanani kuya ngokuthi:

• Sitholakala ngokushesha kangakanani lesi sifo
• Lapho uqala ukwelashwa
• Ulandela kahle kangakanani uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa

Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, isifo senhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi kungadala ukufa kusenesikhathi.

Ngisho nangemithi, abanye abantu bangaqhubeka nokuba namazinga aphezulu e-lipid akhulisa ubungozi bokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.

Izinkinga zingafaka:

• Isifo senhliziyo sokuqala se-atherosclerotic
• Isifo senhliziyo
• Unhlangothi

Funa ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha uma unezinhlungu esifubeni noma ezinye izimpawu eziyisixwayiso zokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma unomlando womuntu siqu noma womndeni wamazinga aphezulu we-cholesterol.

Ukudla okungenayo i-cholesterol eningi namafutha agcwele kungasiza ukulawula amazinga e-LDL kubantu abasengozini enkulu.

Uma othile emndenini wakho enale nkinga, ungahle uthande ukucabangela ukuhlolwa kofuzo wena noma izingane zakho. Kwesinye isikhathi, izingane ezincane zingaba ne-hyperlipidemia emnene.

Kubalulekile ukulawula ezinye izinto eziyingozi ekuhlaselweni yinhliziyo kusenesikhathi, njengokubhema.

Izinhlobo eziningi ze-lipoprotein-type hyperlipidemia

• Ukuvaleka komthambo weCoronary
• Ukudla okunempilo

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URobinson JG. Ukuphazamiseka kwe-lipid metabolism. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 195.