I-osteoarthritis

I-Osteoarthritis (OA) yisifo esihlangana kakhulu esivamile. Kungenxa yokuguga nokugqoka nokudabuka ejoyinini.

Uqwanga yizicubu eziqinile, ezinenjoloba eziqinisa amathambo akho emajoyintini. Ivumela amathambo ukuba awele ngaphezulu. Lapho uqwanga luphuka futhi luphela, amathambo ahlangana. Lokhu kuvame ukudala ubuhlungu, ukuvuvukala nokuqina kwe-OA.

Njengoba i-OA iba kubi, i-bony spurs noma ithambo elengeziwe lingahle lizungeze ilunga. Imigqa nemisipha ezungeze ilunga ingahle ibe buthakathaka futhi iqine.

Ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala engama-55, i-OA ivela ngokulinganayo kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Ngemuva kweminyaka yobudala engama-55, sekuvame kakhulu kwabesifazane.

Ezinye izinto zingaholela naku-OA.

• I-OA ivame ukugijima emindenini.
• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kukhulisa ingozi ye-OA enqulwini, edolweni, emaqakaleni nasemalungeni ezinyawo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isisindo esengeziwe sibangela ukuwohloka okwengeziwe.
• Ukwephuka noma okunye ukulimala okuhlangene kungaholela ku-OA kamuva empilweni. Lokhu kufaka ukulimala kuqwanga nemisipha emajoyintini akho.
• Imisebenzi ebandakanya ukuguqa noma ukuqhosha isikhathi esingaphezu kwehora ngosuku, noma okubandakanya ukuphakamisa, ukukhuphuka izitebhisi, noma ukuhamba ngezinyawo kwandisa ingozi ye-OA.
• Ukudlala imidlalo efaka umthelela oqondile kuhlanganyele (ibhola), ukusonta (basketball noma ibhola), noma ukuphonsa nakho kwandisa ingozi ye-OA.

Izimo zezokwelapha ezingaholela ku-OA noma izimpawu ezifana ne-OA zifaka:

• Izinkinga zokopha ezibangela ukopha ejoyintini, njenge-hemophilia
• Ukuphazamiseka okuvimba ukunikezwa kwegazi eduze kwejoyinti futhi kuholele ekufeni kwamathambo (i-avascular necrosis)
• Ezinye izinhlobo ze-arthritis, njenge-gout yesikhathi eside (engapheli), i-pseudogout, noma i-rheumatoid arthritis

Izimpawu ze-OA zivame ukuvela eminyakeni yobudala obuphakathi. Cishe wonke umuntu unezimpawu ezithile ze-OA eneminyaka engama-70.

Ubuhlungu nokuqina kwamalunga yizimpawu ezivame kakhulu. Ubuhlungu buba bubi kakhulu:

• Ngemuva kokuzivocavoca umzimba
• Uma ufaka isisindo noma ingcindezi ejoyintini
• Lapho usebenzisa ijoyini

Nge-OA, amalunga akho angaqina futhi kube nzima ukuhamba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ungabona umsindo wokuhlikihla, wokugaya, noma wokuqhekeka lapho uhambisa ilunga.

"Ukuqina ekuseni" kusho ubuhlungu nobulukhuni obuzwayo lapho uqala ukuvuka ekuseni. Ukuqina ngenxa ye-OA kuvame ukuhlala imizuzu engama-30 noma ngaphansi. Ingahlala ngaphezu kwemizuzu engama-30 uma kukhona ukuvuvukala ejoyinini. Imvamisa ithuthuka ngemuva komsebenzi, ivumela ilunga ukuthi "lifudumale."

Phakathi nosuku, ubuhlungu bungaba bukhulu uma usebenza futhi uzizwe ungcono lapho uphumule. Njengoba i-OA iba yimbi, ungaba nobuhlungu ngisho nalapho uphumule. Futhi kungakuvusa ebusuku.

Abanye abantu kungenzeka bangabi nazimpawu, noma ama-x-ray akhombisa ushintsho lomzimba lwe-OA.

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokuhlola abuze ngezimpawu zakho. Ukuhlolwa kungakhombisa:

• Ukunyakaza okuhlangene okwenza umsindo oqhekezayo, obizwa ngokuthi yi-crepitation
• Ukuvuvukala okuhlangene (amathambo azungeze amalunga angazizwa emakhulu kunokujwayelekile)
• Ububanzi obunomkhawulo bokunyakaza
• Ubumnene lapho ilunga licindezelwe
• Ukunyakaza okuvamile kuvame ukuba buhlungu

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi akusizi ekutholeni i-OA. Zingasetshenziswa ukubheka ezinye izimo, njenge-rheumatoid arthritis noma i-gout.

I-x-ray kungenzeka ikhombise:

• Ukulahleka kwesikhala esihlangene
• Ukugqoka phansi kwemikhawulo yethambo
• Amathambo ayaqhuma
• I-Bony iyashintsha eduze kwejoyini, ebizwa ngokuthi ama-subchondral cysts

I-OA ayelapheki, kepha izimpawu ze-OA zingalawulwa. I-OA ingahle ibe yimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi yize ijubane lokhu kwenzeka ngalo kuyehluka kuye ngomuntu.

Ungahlinzwa, kepha ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingathuthukisa ubuhlungu bakho futhi zenze impilo yakho ibe ngcono kakhulu. Yize lezi zindlela zokwelapha zingenza i-OA ihambe, zivame ukubambezela ukuhlinzwa noma zenze izimpawu zakho zibe mnene ngokwanele ukuze zingabangeli izinkinga ezinkulu.

IMITHI

Ukudambisa izinhlungu e-over-the-counter (OTC), njenge-acetaminophen (Tylenol) noma umuthi wokulwa nokuvuvukala (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) ungasiza ngezimpawu ze-OA. Ungathenga le mithi ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela.

Kunconywa ukuthi ungathathi ngaphezu kuka-3 gram (3,000 mg) we-acetaminophen ngosuku. Uma unesifo sesibindi, khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho ngaphambi kokuthatha i-acetaminophen. Ama-OSA NSAID afaka phakathi i-aspirin, ibuprofen, ne-naproxen. Amanye ama-NSAID amaningi ayatholakala ngemithi kadokotela. Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho ngaphambi kokuthatha i-NSAID njalo.

I-Duloxetine (i-Cymbalta) ngumuthi kadokotela ongasiza futhi ekwelapheni ubuhlungu besikhathi eside (obungapheli) obuhlobene ne-OA.

Imijovo yemithi ye-steroid ivame ukuhlinzeka ngokubaluleka okuncane okuya esikhathini esiphakathi nobuhlungu be-OA.

Izithasiselo ongazisebenzisa zifaka:

• Amaphilisi, njenge-glucosamine ne-chondroitin sulfate
• Ukhilimu wesikhumba seCapsaicin ukudambisa izinhlungu

IZINGUQUKO ZOKUPHILA

Ukuhlala usebenza nokuvivinya umzimba kungagcina ukunyakaza okuhlangene nokuhlangene. Cela umhlinzeki wakho ukuthi ancome inqubo yokuzivocavoca noma akuthumele kumelaphi womzimba. Ukuzivocavoca kwamanzi, njengokubhukuda, kuvame ukusiza.

Amanye amathiphu wokuphila afaka:

• Ukufaka ukushisa noma ukubanda kokujoyina
• Ukudla ukudla okunempilo
• Ukuphumula ngokwanele
• Ukwehlisa isisindo uma ukhuluphele ngokweqile
• Ukuvikela amalunga akho ekulimaleni

Uma ubuhlungu obuvela ku-OA buba bukhulu kakhulu, ukulandela imisebenzi kungaba nzima kakhulu noma kube buhlungu. Ukwenza izinguquko ekhaya kungasiza ukususa ingcindezi emajoyintini akho ukudambisa ezinye izinhlungu. Uma umsebenzi wakho ubangela ingcindezi emajoyintini athile, kungadingeka ukuthi ulungise indawo osebenzela kuyo noma ushintshe imisebenzi yomsebenzi.

INDLELA YOKWELAPHA EMZIMBENI

Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni amandla emisipha nokunyakaza kwamalungu aqinile kanye nebhalansi yakho. Uma ukwelashwa kungakwenzi uzizwe ungcono ngemuva kwamasonto ayisithupha kuya kwayishumi nambili, kungenzeka ukuthi ngeke kusize.

Ukwelashwa kokubhucunga umzimba kunganikeza ukukhululeka kobuhlungu besikhashana, kepha akuguquli inqubo eyisisekelo ye-OA. Qiniseka ukuthi usebenza nomelaphi we-massage onelayisense onolwazi lokusebenza kumajoyinti abucayi.

AMABHESHI

Izipikili nezinsimbi zingasiza ekusekeleni amalunga abuthakathaka. Ezinye izinhlobo zikhawulela noma zivimbele ilunga ekuhambeni. Abanye bangasusa ingcindezi engxenyeni eyodwa yelungu. Sebenzisa izicathulo ezihlanganiswe ngensimbi noma ngeplangwe zokuqondisa izinyawo ezibhekene zezingane uma udokotela noma umeluleki wakho ancoma eyodwa. Ukusebenzisa isibopho ngendlela engafanele kungadala ukulimala okuhlangene, ukuqina nobuhlungu.

UKWELASHWA KWEMUNYE INDLELA

I-acupuncture yindlela yokwelapha yendabuko yamaShayina. Kucatshangwa ukuthi lapho izinaliti zokuthwebula zithuthukisa amaphuzu athile emzimbeni, kukhishwa amakhemikhali avimba ubuhlungu. Ukuthena kunganikeza ukukhululeka okukhulu kobuhlungu kwe-OA.

I-Yoga ne-Tai chi nabo bakhombise inzuzo enkulu ekwelapheni ubuhlungu obuvela ku-OA.

I-S-adenosylmethionine (i-SAMe, ebizwa nge- "Sammy") iyindlela eyenziwe ngabantu yekhemikhali lemvelo emzimbeni. Kungasiza ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala okuhlangene nobuhlungu.

UKUHLINZA

Izimo ezinzima ze-OA zingadinga ukuhlinzwa ukuze kufakwe noma kulungiswe amalunga omzimba alimele. Izinketho zifaka:

• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-arthroscopic ukusika uqwanga oludabukile nolonakele
• Ukushintsha ukuqondaniswa kwethambo ukukhulula ukucindezeleka ethanjeni noma ekuhlanganeni (i-osteotomy)
• Ukuhlanganiswa kwamathambo okuhlinzwa, imvamisa emgogodleni (arthrodesis)
• Ukufakwa okuphelele noma okuyingxenye kwejoyinti elonakele ngenhlanganisela yokufakelwa (ukubuyiselwa kwamadolo, ukushintshwa kwesinqe, ukushintshwa kwehlombe, ukushintshwa kweqakala, nokufakwa esikhundleni sendololwane)

Izinhlangano ezikhethekile kwisifo samathambo ziyizinsizakusebenza ezinhle zokuthola eminye imininingwane nge-OA.

Ukuhamba kwakho kungahle kube nomkhawulo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke, enjengokuhlanzeka komuntu siqu, imisebenzi yasendlini, noma ukupheka kungaba inselele. Ukwelashwa kuvame ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma unezimpawu ze-OA eziba zimbi kakhulu.

Zama ukungasebenzisi ngokweqile ilunga elibuhlungu emsebenzini noma ngesikhathi semisebenzi. Gcina isisindo somzimba esijwayelekile. Gcina imisipha ezungeze amalunga akho iqine, ikakhulukazi amalunga athwala isisindo (idolo, inqulu, noma iqakala).

I-hypertrophic osteoarthritis; I-osteoarthrosis; Isifo esihlanganyelwe esiwohlozayo; DJD; OA; I-arthritis - i-osteoarthritis

• Ukwakhiwa kabusha kwe-ACL - ukukhishwa
• Ukubuyiselwa kweqakala - ukukhishwa
• Ukufakwa esikhundleni kwe-Elbow - ukukhishwa
• I-Hip noma idolo esikhundleni - ngemuva - okufanele ubuze udokotela wakho
• Ukushintshwa kwe-Hip noma idolo - ngaphambi - okufanele ubuze udokotela wakho
• Ukushintshwa kwe-Hip - ukukhishwa
• Ukushintshwa kwamahlombe - ukukhishwa
• Ukuhlinzwa ihlombe - ukukhishwa
• Ukuhlinzwa komgogodla - ukukhishwa
• Usebenzisa ihlombe lakho ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kabusha
• Usebenzisa ihlombe lakho ngemuva kokuhlinzwa

• I-osteoarthritis
• I-osteoarthritis

UKolasinski SL, uNeogi T, uHochberg MC, et al. Umhlahlandlela we-2019 American College of Rheumatology / Arthritis Foundation Wokuphathwa Kwe-Osteoarthritis yesandla, inqulu, nedolo. I-Arthritis Care Res (eHoboken). 2020; 72 (2): 149-162. I-PMID: 31908149 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31908149/.

UKraus VB, uVincent TL. I-osteoarthritis. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 246.

UMisra D, Kumar D, Neogi T. Ukwelashwa kwe-osteoarthritis. Ku: Firestein GS, Budd RC, Gabriel SE, Koretzky GA, McInnes IB, O'Dell JR, abahleli. Incwadi kaFirestein & Kelly yeRheumatology. Umhla ka-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 106.