I-immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)

I-immune thrombocytopenic purpura (i-ITP) yisifo esopha lapho amasosha omzimba ebhubhisa amaplatelet, adingekayo ekunqandeni igazi okujwayelekile. Abantu abanalesi sifo banamaplatelets ambalwa egazini.

I-ITP yenzeka lapho amaseli athile omzimba evikela amasosha omzimba alwa nama-platelet. Ama-platelet asiza igazi lakho ukuba lijiye ngokuhlangana ndawonye ukuvala izimbobo ezincane emithanjeni yegazi elimele.

Ama-antibody anamathisela kuma-platelets. Umzimba ubhubhisa ama-platelet athwala amasosha omzimba.

Ezinganeni, lesi sifo kwesinye isikhathi silandela ukutheleleka ngegciwane. Kubantu abadala, kuvame ukuba yisifo sesikhathi eside (esingapheli) futhi singenzeka ngemuva kokutheleleka ngegciwane, kusetshenziswa izidakamizwa ezithile, ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, noma njengengxenye yesifo sokuzivikela komzimba.

I-ITP ithinta abesifazane kaningi kunabesilisa. Kuvame kakhulu ezinganeni kunabantu abadala. Ezinganeni, lesi sifo sithinta abafana namantombazane ngokulinganayo.

Izimpawu ze-ITP zingafaka noma yikuphi okulandelayo:

• Izikhathi ezinzima ngokungajwayelekile kwabesifazane
• Ukopha esikhunjeni, imvamisa kuzungeze imicwecwe, kubangele ukuqubuka kwesikhumba okubukeka njengokukhomba amabala abomvu (petechial rash)
• Ukulinyazwa okulula
• Ukopha ngamakhala noma ukopha emlonyeni

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuzokwenziwa ukubheka inani lamaplatelet akho.

Ukufiswa komnkantsha wamathambo noma i-biopsy nakho kungenziwa.

Ezinganeni, lesi sifo sivame ukuphela ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Ezinye izingane zingadinga ukwelashwa.

Abantu abadala bavame ukuqalwa kumuthi we-steroid obizwa nge-prednisone noma i-dexamethasone. Kwezinye izimo kunconywa ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe ubende (splenectomy). Lokhu kwandisa inani leplatelet cishe engxenyeni yabantu. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa zivame ukunconywa esikhundleni salokho.

Uma lesi sifo singabi ngcono nge-prednisone, ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa zingafaka:

• Ukufakwa kwe-gamma globulin ephezulu (i-immune factor)
• Izidakamizwa ezicindezela amasosha omzimba
• Ukwelashwa kwe-Anti-RhD kubantu abanezinhlobo ezithile zegazi
• Izidakamizwa ezikhuthaza umnkantsha wokwenza amaplatelets amaningi

Abantu abane-ITP akufanele bathathe i-aspirin, ibuprofen, noma i-warfarin, ngoba le mithi iphazamisa ukusebenza kweplatelet noma ukujiya kwegazi, futhi ukuphuma kwegazi kungenzeka.

Imininingwane engaphezulu nokusekelwa kwabantu abane-ITP nemindeni yabo kungatholakala ku:

• pdsa.org/patients-caregivers/support-resource.html

Ngokwelashwa, ithuba lokuxolelwa (isikhathi esingenazo izimpawu) lihle. Ezimweni ezingavamile, i-ITP ingaba yisimo sesikhathi eside kubantu abadala futhi iphinde ivele, ngisho nangemva kwesikhathi esingenazo izimpawu.

Ukulahleka kwegazi okungazelelwe futhi okunzima emgudwini wokugaya kungenzeka. Ukopha ebuchosheni nakho kungenzeka.

Iya egumbini labezimo eziphuthumayo noma ushayele ku-911 noma inombolo ephuthumayo yendawo uma kuvela ukopha okukhulu, noma uma kuvela ezinye izimpawu ezintsha.

ITP; I-immune thrombocytopenia; Ukuphazamiseka kwegazi - idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura; Isifo sokopha - ITP; Ukuzilimaza - ITP; Ukubalwa kweplatelet okuphansi - ITP

• Amaseli egazi

Abrams CS. I-Thrombocytopenia. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 163.

U-Arnold DM, iLungu lePhalamende likaZeller, uSmith JW, uNazy I.Izifo zenombolo yeplatelet: Immune thrombocytopenia, neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia, ne-posttransfusion purpura. Ku: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, ama-eds. I-Hematology: Izimiso Eziyisisekelo Nokuzijwayeza. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 131.