I-non-Hodgkin lymphoma

I-non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) umdlavuza wezicubu zomzimba. Izicubu zeLymph zitholakala kuma-lymph node, ubende, nezinye izitho zamasosha omzimba.

Amaseli egazi amhlophe, abizwa ngama-lymphocyte, atholakala kwizicubu zomzimba. Zisiza ukuvikela izifo. Ama-lymphomas amaningi aqala ngohlobo lweseli elimhlophe elibizwa nge-B lymphocyte, noma i-B cell.

Kubantu abaningi, imbangela yeNHL ayaziwa. Kodwa ama-lymphomas angakhula kubantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka, kufaka phakathi abantu abafakelwe isitho somzimba noma abantu abane-HIV.

I-NHL ivame ukuthinta abantu abadala. Abesilisa bathuthukisa i-NHL kaningi kunabesifazane. Izingane nazo zingathuthukisa ezinye izinhlobo ze-NHL.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-NHL. Ukwahlukaniswa okukodwa (ukwenza iqembu) ukuthi umdlavuza usakazeka ngokushesha kangakanani. Umdlavuza ungaba ibanga eliphansi (ukukhula kancane), ibanga eliphakathi, noma ibanga eliphakeme (ukukhula ngokushesha).

I-NHL ibuye iqoqwe ngokuthi amaseli abukeka kanjani ngaphansi kwemicroscope, luvela kuluphi uhlobo lwamaseli amhlophe egazi, nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini ushintsho oluthile lwe-DNA kumaseli wesimila uqobo.

Izimpawu zincike ekutheni iyiphi indawo emzimbeni ethintwa ngumdlavuza nokuthi umdlavuza ukhula ngokushesha kangakanani.

Izimpawu zingafaka:

• Kumanzisa ukujuluka ebusuku
• Imfiva nokugodola okufika kudlule
• Ukulunywa
• I-lymph nodes evuvukile entanyeni, ngaphansi kwekhwapha, emgodini, noma kwezinye izindawo
• Ukwehla kwesisindo
• Ukukhwehlela noma ukuphefumula okuncane uma umdlavuza uthinta i-thymus gland noma ama-lymph nodes esifubeni, ubeka ingcindezi ku-windpipe (trachea) noma emagatsheni awo
• Ubuhlungu besisu noma ukuvuvukala, okuholela ekulahlekelweni isifiso sokudla, ukuqunjelwa, isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Ukuphathwa yikhanda, izinkinga zokuhlushwa, izinguquko zobuntu, noma ukuquleka uma umdlavuza uthinta ubuchopho

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba futhi ahlole izindawo zomzimba ezinama-lymph node ukuze ezwe ukuthi avuvukile yini.

Lesi sifo singatholakala ngemuva kwe-biopsy yezicubu ezisolwayo, imvamisa i-lymph node biopsy.

Olunye uvivinyo olungenziwa lubandakanya:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola amazinga wamaprotheni, ukusebenza kwesibindi, ukusebenza kwezinso, kanye nezinga le-uric acid
• Qedela ukubalwa kwegazi (CBC)
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-CT kwesifuba, isisu kanye nesifuba
• I-bone marrow biopsy
• Ukuskena kwe-PET

Uma izivivinyo zibonisa ukuthi unayo i-NHL, kuzokwenziwa ezinye izivivinyo ukubona ukuthi selusabalale kangakanani. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi isiteji. Isiteji sisiza ukuhola ukwelashwa nokulandelwa kwesikhathi esizayo.

Ukwelashwa kuncike ku:

• Uhlobo oluthile lwe-NHL
• Isigaba lapho utholakala khona okokuqala
• Iminyaka yakho nempilo yonke
• Izimpawu, kufaka phakathi ukwehla kwesisindo, umkhuhlane nokujuluka ebusuku

Ungathola i-chemotherapy, i-radiation therapy, noma kokubili. Noma ungahle ungadingi ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Umhlinzeki wakho angakutshela kabanzi mayelana nokwelashwa kwakho okuthile.

I-Radioimmunotherapy ingasetshenziswa kwezinye izimo. Lokhu kufaka ukuxhumanisa into enemisebe ne-antibody ebhekise kumaseli anomdlavuza nokujova leyo nto emzimbeni.

Uhlobo lwe-chemotherapy olubizwa ngokuthi ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe lungazama.Isebenzisa umuthi ukugxila kokuqondiwe (ama-molecule) ngaphakathi noma kumaseli womdlavuza. Kusetshenziswa lezi zinhloso, umuthi ukhubaza amangqamuzana omdlavuza ukuze angakwazi ukusabalala.

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali okuphuza kakhulu kunganikezwa lapho i-NHL ibuyela emuva noma yehluleka ukuphendula ekwelashweni kokuqala okuhlinzekwayo. Lokhu kulandelwa ukufakelwa kwe-stem cell autologous (usebenzisa amaseli akho ama-stem) ukuhlenga umnkantsha wamathambo ngemuva kwe-chemotherapy ephezulu. Ngezinhlobo ezithile ze-NHL, lezi zinyathelo zokwelashwa zisetshenziswa ekuxolelweni kokuqala ukuzama ukufeza ikhambi.

Ukumpontshelwa igazi noma ukufakwa kwegazi kungadingeka uma isibalo segazi siphansi.

Wena nomhlinzeki wakho kungadingeka ukuthi niphathe okunye ukukhathazeka ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-leukemia, kufaka phakathi:

• Ukuba ne-chemotherapy ekhaya
• Ukuphatha izilwane ezifuywayo ngesikhathi se-chemotherapy
• Izinkinga zokopha
• Umlomo owomile
• Ukudla amakhalori anele

Unganciphisa ukucindezela kokugula ngokujoyina iqembu lokusekela umdlavuza. Ukwabelana nabanye abanokuhlangenwe nakho okuvamile nezinkinga kungakusiza ungazizwa uwedwa.

I-NHL esezingeni eliphansi imvamisa ayinakuphulukiswa ngamakhemikhali kuphela. I-NHL esezingeni eliphansi iqhubeka kancane futhi kungathatha iminyaka eminingi ngaphambi kokuba lesi sifo sibe sibi kakhulu noma size sidinge ukwelashwa. Isidingo sokwelashwa ngokuvamile sinqunywa yizimpawu, ukuthi isifo siqhubekela phambili ngokushesha kangakanani, futhi uma ukubalwa kwegazi kuphansi.

I-Chemotherapy ingaphilisa izinhlobo eziningi zama-lymphomas aphezulu. Uma umdlavuza ungaphenduli ekhemotherapy, lesi sifo singadala ukufa ngokushesha.

I-NHL uqobo kanye nokwelashwa kwayo kungaholela ezinkingeni zezempilo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• I-autoimmune hemolytic anemia, isimo lapho amaseli abomvu abhujiswa amasosha omzimba
• Ukutheleleka
• Imiphumela emibi yezidakamizwa zamakhemikhali

Qhubeka ulandela umhlinzeki owaziyo ngokuqapha nokuvimbela lezi zinkinga.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma uba nezimpawu zalesi sifo.

Uma une-NHL, shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma uhlangabezana nomkhuhlane oqhubekayo noma ezinye izimpawu zokutheleleka.

I-Lymphoma - engeyona iHodgkin; I-lymphocytic lymphoma; I-histiocytic lymphoma; I-lymphoblastic lymphoma; Umdlavuza - i-non-Hodgkin lymphoma; I-NHL

• Ukufakelwa komnkantsha wethambo - ukukhipha
• I-Chemotherapy - yini ongayibuza udokotela wakho
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe - imibuzo ongayibuza udokotela wakho

• I-Lymphoma, ebulalayo - i-CT scan
• Izakhiwo zesistimu yomzimba

Abramson JS. Ama-non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Ku: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, abahleli. I-Abeloff’s Clinical Oncology. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 103.

Iwebhusayithi yeNational Cancer Institute. Ukwelashwa kwe-Adult non-Hodgkin lymphoma (PDQ) - inguqulo yezempilo. www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/hp/abadala-nhl-ukwelapha-pdq. Kubuyekezwe ngo-Septhemba 18, 2019. Kufinyelelwe ngoFebhuwari 13, 2020.

Iwebhusayithi yeNational Cancer Institute. Ukwelashwa kwe-non-Hodgkin lymphoma ebuntwaneni (PDQ) - inguqulo yezobuchwepheshe yezempilo. www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/hp/child-nhl-ukwelapha-pdq. Kubuyekezwe uFebhuwari 5, 2020. Kufinyelelwe ngoFebhuwari 13, 2020.