Lapho ingane yakho izalwa ishonile

Ukubeletha umntwana oshonelwe kulapho ingane ifela esibelethweni phakathi namasonto angama-20 edlule ekhulelwe. Ukukhulelwa kwesisu ukulahleka kwengane engxenyeni yokuqala yokukhulelwa.

Cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabangu-160 abakhulelwayo bagcina ngokuzala ingane ifile. Ukubeletha kungakavamile ukwedlula okwedlule ngenxa yokunakekelwa okungcono kokukhulelwa. Kuze kube yingxenye eyodwa yesikhathi, isizathu sokuzalwa kwengane asikaziwa.

Ezinye zezinto ezingadala ukuzala kushonile yilezi:

• Izinkinga zokuzalwa
• Ama-chromosomes angajwayelekile
• Ukutheleleka kumama noma embungwini
• Ukulimala
• Izimo zezempilo zesikhathi eside (ezingapheli) kumama (isifo sikashukela, isithuthwane, noma umfutho wegazi ophezulu)
• Izinkinga nge-placenta evimbela umbungu ekutholeni ukondleka (okufana ne-placental detachment)
• Ukwehla kwegazi okukhulu ngokungazelelwe (ukopha) kumama noma embungwini
• Ukumiswa kwenhliziyo (ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo) kumama noma embungwini
• Izinkinga zezintambo zombilical

Abesifazane abasengozini enkulu yokubeletha ingane ishonile:

• Badala kuneminyaka yobudala engama-35
• Bakhuluphele
• Bathwala izingane eziningi (amawele noma ngaphezulu)
• Ingabe ama-African American
• Ngibe nokuzalwa kwesikhathi esidlule
• Unomfutho wegazi ophakeme noma isifo sikashukela
• Unezinye izimo zezokwelapha (njenge-lupus)
• Thatha izidakamizwa

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzosebenzisa i-ultrasound ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inhliziyo yengane iyekile ukushaya. Uma impilo yowesifazane isengozini, uzodinga ukuletha ingane ngokushesha. Ngaphandle kwalokho, angakhetha ukuthi abe nomuthi ozoqala ukubeletha noma alinde ukuthi kuqale ukuzimela.

Ngemuva kokulethwa, umhlinzeki uzobheka i-placenta, umbungu, nentambo yenkaba ukuthola izimpawu zezinkinga. Abazali bazocelwa imvume yokwenza izivivinyo ezinemininingwane eminingi. Lokhu kungafaka izivivinyo zangaphakathi (i-autopsy), ama-x-ray, kanye nokuhlolwa kofuzo.

Kungokwemvelo ngabazali ukuthi bazizwe bengakhululekile ngalezi zivivinyo lapho bebhekene nokulahlekelwa ngumntwana. Kepha ukufunda imbangela yokubeletha kungasiza owesifazane ukuba abe nengane enempilo ngokuzayo. Kungasiza futhi abanye abazali babhekane nokulahlekelwa kwabo ukwazi okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ukubeletha isenzakalo esibuhlungu emndenini. Usizi lokulahlekelwa ukukhulelwa lungenza ingozi yokudangala kwangemva kokubeletha. Abantu babhekana nosizi ngezindlela ezahlukene. Kungasiza ukukhuluma nomhlinzeki wakho noma umeluleki ngemizwa yakho. Ezinye izinto ezingakusiza ngesikhathi sokulila yilezi:

• Naka impilo yakho. Yidla futhi ulale kahle ukuze umzimba wakho uhlale uqinile.
• Thola izindlela zokuveza imizwa yakho. Ukujoyina iqembu elisekelayo, ukukhuluma nomndeni nabangane, nokugcina incwadi yezindaba ezinye zezindlela zokuzwakalisa usizi.
• Zifundise. Ukufunda ngenkinga, ongakwazi ukukwenza, nokuthi abanye abantu babhekane kanjani nakho kungakusiza.
• Zinike isikhathi sokululama. Ukudabuka kuyinqubo. Yamukela ukuthi kuzothatha isikhathi ukuthi uzizwe ungcono.

Iningi labesifazane abebeletha ingane ishonile kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi bakhulelwe okunempilo ngokuzayo. Izinkinga zeplacenta nezintambo noma ukukhubazeka kwe-chromosome akunakwenzeka ukuthi ziphinde zenzeke. Ezinye izinto ongazenza ukusiza ukuvimbela okunye ukuzala okufile yilezi:

• Hlangana nomeluleki wezofuzo. Uma ingane ishone ngenxa yenkinga ezuzwe njengefa, ungafunda izingozi zakho ngekusasa.
• Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho ngaphambi kokukhulelwa. Qiniseka ukuthi izinkinga zezempilo zesikhathi eside (ezingapheli) njengesifo sikashukela zilawulwa kahle. Tshela umhlinzeki wakho ngayo yonke imithi yakho, ngisho naleyo oyithenga ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela.
• Yehlisa isisindo uma ukhuluphele ngokweqile. Ukukhuluphala kuphakamisa ubungozi bokuzalwa kwengane isafile. Buza umhlinzeki wakho ukuthi ulahlekelwe kanjani isisindo ngokuphepha ngaphambi kokukhulelwa.
• Yamukela imikhuba emihle yezempilo. Ukubhema, ukuphuza nokusebenzisa izidakamizwa zasemgwaqweni kuyingozi ngesikhathi ukhulelwe. Thola usizo lokuyeka ngaphambi kokukhulelwa.
• Thola ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kokubeletha. Abesifazane ababelethe ingane izelwe bazobhekwa ngokucophelela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Bangadinga izivivinyo ezikhethekile zokuqapha ukukhula nenhlalakahle yengane yabo.

Shayela umhlinzeki uma unezinkinga ezilandelayo:

• Imfiva.
• Ukopha okukhulu esithweni sangasese.
• Imizwa yokugula, ukuphalaza, isifo sohudo, noma ubuhlungu besisu.
• Ukudangala nokuzizwa sengathi awukwazi ukubhekana nalokho okwenzekile.
• Ingane yakho ayinyakazi njengokujwayelekile. Ngemuva kokudla futhi ngenkathi uhleli unganyakazi, bala ukunyakaza. Imvamisa kufanele ulindele ukuthi ingane yakho ihambe izikhathi eziyi-10 ngehora.

Ukubeletha; Ukushona kwengane; Ukukhulelwa - ukuzalwa kungasekho

UReddy UM, iSpong CY. Ukubeletha. Ku: Creasy RK, Resnik R, Iams JD, Lockwood CJ, Moore TR, Greene MF, ama-eds. ICreasy neResnik's Maternal-Fetal Medicine: Izimiso kanye Nokuzijwayeza. Umhlaka 8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2014: isahluko 45.

USimpson JL, uJauniaux ERM. Ukulahleka kokukhulelwa kwasekuqaleni nokuzala ingane ishonile. Ku: Gabbe SG, Niebyl JR, Simpson JL, et al, eds. Ama-Obstetrics: Ukukhulelwa Okujwayelekile Nenkinga. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2017: isahluko 27.

• Ukubeletha