Ukuqonda isifo senhliziyo

Isifo senhliziyo yisikhathi esibanzi sezinkinga zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Lezi zinkinga zivame ukubangelwa i-atherosclerosis. Lesi simo senzeka lapho amafutha ne-cholesterol zakha ezindongeni zomthambo wegazi (umthambo). Lokhu kwakha kubizwa ngokuthi i-plaque. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uqwembe lunganciphisa imithambo yegazi futhi lubangele izinkinga emzimbeni wonke. Uma umthambo uvinjelwa, ungaholela ekuhlaselweni inhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi.

Isifo senhliziyo seCoronary (CHD) uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwesifo senhliziyo, kulapho uqweqwe lukhula emithanjeni eholela enhliziyweni. I-CHD ibizwa nangokuthi i-coronary artery disease (CAD). Lapho imithambo yegazi incipha, inhliziyo ayikwazi ukuthola igazi nomoya-mpilo owanele. Umthambo ovinjiwe ungadala isifo senhliziyo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-CHD inganciphisa imisipha yenhliziyo futhi ibangele ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo noma i-arrhythmias.

Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kwenzeka lapho imisipha yenhliziyo iba lukhuni noma ibuthakathaka. Ayikwazi ukumpompa igazi elenele oksijini, elenza izimpawu emzimbeni wonke. Isimo singathinta kuphela uhlangothi olungakwesokudla noma uhlangothi lwesobunxele kuphela lwenhliziyo. Kaningi, zombili izinhlangothi zenhliziyo ziyabandakanyeka. Umfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye ne-CAD yizimbangela ezivamile zokuhluleka kwenhliziyo.

I-Arrhythmias yizinkinga zokushaya kwenhliziyo (ishayela) noma isigqi senhliziyo. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho uhlelo lukagesi lwenhliziyo lungasebenzi kahle. Inhliziyo ingashaya ngokushesha okukhulu, ihamba kancane kakhulu, noma ngokungalingani. Izinkinga ezithile zenhliziyo, njengokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kungadala izinkinga ngohlelo lukagesi lwenhliziyo. Abanye abantu bazalwa bene-arrhythmia.

Izifo ze-valve zenhliziyo zenzeka lapho omunye wamavalvu amane asenhliziyweni engasebenzi kahle. Igazi lingavuza nge-valve ohlangothini olungafanele (olubizwa ngokuthi yi-regurgitation), noma i-valve kungenzeka ingavuli kude ngokwanele futhi ivimbe ukugeleza kwegazi (okubizwa nge-stenosis). Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungavamile, okubizwa ngokuthi ukububula kwenhliziyo, kuyisifo esivame kakhulu. Izinkinga ezithile zenhliziyo, ezinjengesifo senhliziyo, isifo senhliziyo, noma ukutheleleka, zingadala izifo zenhliziyo. Abanye abantu bazalwa benenkinga yama-valve enhliziyo.

Isifo semithambo yegazi kwenzeka lapho imithambo yemilenze nezinyawo zakho iba mincane ngenxa yokwakhiwa kocwecwe. Imithambo emincane inciphisa noma ivimbe ukugeleza kwegazi. Lapho igazi ne-oxygen kungafiki emilenzeni, kungalimaza izinzwa nezicubu.

Umfutho wegazi ophezulu (umfutho wegazi ophakeme)isifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi esingaholela kwezinye izinkinga, njengokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, nokushaya uhlangothi.

Unhlangothi kubangelwa ukungabi khona kwegazi eliya ebuchosheni. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yegazi eliya emithanjeni yegazi ebuchosheni, noma ukopha ebuchosheni. IStoke sinezinto eziningi eziyingozi ezifana nesifo senhliziyo.

Isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso kuyinkinga ngesakhiwo senhliziyo nomsebenzi okhona lapho kuzalwa. Isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso singachaza izinkinga eziningi ezahlukahlukene ezithinta inhliziyo. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokukhubazeka kokuzalwa.

UGoldman L. Indlela eya esigulini enesifo senhliziyo nemithambo. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 45.

I-Newby DE, iGrubb NR. I-Cardiology. Ku: Ralston SH, i-Perman ID, iStrachan MWJ, iHobson RP, ama-eds. Izimiso zikaDavidson kanye Nokuzijwayeza Kwezokwelapha. Umhla ka-23. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2018: isahluko 16.

UToth PP, uShamasas NW, u-Foreman B, u-Byrd JB, uBrook RD. Isifo senhliziyo. Ku: Rakel RE, Rakel DP, ama-eds. Incwadi Yezokwelapha Yomndeni. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 27.

• Izifo Zenhliziyo