I-Cerebral arteriovenous malformation

I-cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) ukuxhumana okungavamile phakathi kwemithambo nemithambo ebuchosheni evame ukwakheka ngaphambi kokuzalwa.

Ayaziwa imbangela ye-cerebral AVM. I-AVM yenzeka lapho imithambo ebuchosheni ixhuma ngqo emithanjeni eseduze ngaphandle kokuba nemikhumbi emincane ejwayelekile (ama-capillaries) phakathi kwayo.

Ama-AVM ahluka ngosayizi nendawo ebuchosheni.

Ukuqhekeka kwe-AVM kwenzeka ngenxa yengcindezi nokulimala komthambo wegazi. Lokhu kuvumela igazi ukuvuza (ukopha) ebuchosheni noma ezicutshini ezizungezile futhi kunciphise ukugeleza kwegazi kuye ebuchosheni.

Ama-AVM eCerebral awavamile. Yize isimo sikhona ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, izimpawu zingavela kunoma yisiphi isikhathi. Ukuqhuma kwenzeka kaningi kubantu abaneminyaka engu-15 kuya kwengu-20. Kungenzeka futhi emuva kwesikhathi empilweni. Abanye abantu abane-AVM banama-aneurysms obuchopho.

Cishe uhhafu wabantu abane-AVM, izimpawu zokuqala yilezo zesifo sohlangothi esidalwa ukopha ebuchosheni.

Izimpawu ze-AVM eyopha yilezi:

• Ukudideka
• Umsindo wendlebe / ukubhuza (obizwa nangokuthi i-pulsatile tinnitus)
• Ukuphathwa ikhanda engxenyeni eyodwa noma eziningi zekhanda, kungabonakala njenge-migraine
• Izinkinga ukuhamba
• Ukuquleka

Izimpawu ngenxa yengcindezi endaweni eyodwa yobuchopho zifaka:

• Izinkinga zombono
• Isiyezi
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha endaweni yomzimba noma ebusweni
• Ukuba ndikindiki endaweni yomzimba

Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba. Uzobuzwa ngezimpawu zakho, ngokugxila ezinkingeni zesistimu yakho yezinzwa. Ukuhlolwa okungasetshenziselwa ukuxilonga i-AVM kufaka:

• I-angiogram yobuchopho
• I-computed tomography (CT) i-angiogram
• Inhloko ye-MRI
• I-Electroencephalogram (EEG)
• Iskena sekhanda le-CT
• I-Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)

Ukuthola ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kwe-AVM okutholakala ekuhlolweni kwe-imaging, kepha kungabangeli zimpawu, kungaba nzima. Umhlinzeki wakho uzoxoxa nawe:

• Ubungozi bokuthi i-AVM yakho izovuleka (ukuqhekeka). Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kungaba khona ukulimala kobuchopho unomphela.
• Ubungozi bokulimala kobuchopho uma unokunye kokuhlinzwa okubalwe ngezansi.

Umhlinzeki wakho angaxoxa ngezinto ezahlukahlukene ezingakhuphula ubungozi bokuphuma kwegazi, kufaka phakathi:

• Ukukhulelwa kwamanje noma okuhleliwe
• Indlela i-AVM ebukeka ngayo ekuhlolweni kwe-imaging
• Usayizi we-AVM
• Iminyaka yakho
• Izimpawu zakho

I-AVM eyophayo iyisimo esiphuthumayo kwezokwelapha. Inhloso yokwelashwa ukuvimbela ezinye izinkinga ngokulawula ukopha nokuquleka futhi, uma kungenzeka, kususwe i-AVM.

Kunezindlela zokwelashwa ezintathu ezihlinzekwayo. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zisetshenziswa ndawonye.

Ukuhlinzwa kobuchopho okuvulekile kususa ukuxhumana okungavamile. Ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa ngokuvula okwenziwe kugebhezi.

Ukuhlanganiswa (ukwelashwa kwe-endovascular):

• I-catheter iqondiswa ngokusika okuncane emgodini wakho. Ingena emthanjeni bese ingena emithanjeni yegazi encane ebuchosheni bakho lapho kutholakala khona i-aneurysm.
• Into efana neglu ifakwa emikhunjini engajwayelekile. Lokhu kumisa ukugeleza kwegazi ku-AVM futhi kunciphisa ubungozi bokuphuma kwegazi. Lokhu kungaba ukukhetha kokuqala kwezinye izinhlobo zama-AVM, noma uma ukuhlinzwa kungenziwa.

Ama-radiosurgery we-stereotactic:

• Imisebe ibhekiswe ngqo endaweni ye-AVM. Lokhu kubangela ukusikwa nokuncipha kwe-AVM futhi kwehlise ubungozi bokuphuma kwegazi.
• Ilusizo ikakhulukazi kuma-AVM amancane ajulile ebuchosheni okunzima ukuwasusa ngokuhlinzwa.

Imithi yokunqanda ukuquleka ibekiwe uma kudingeka.

Abanye abantu, uphawu lwabo lokuqala ukopha ngokweqile ebuchosheni, bazofa.Abanye bangase babe nokuquleka okungapheli nezinkinga zobuchopho nezesistimu yezinzwa. Ama-AVM angadali zimpawu ngesikhathi lapho abantu befika kuma-40s abo noma sekwedlule ama-50s maningi amathuba okuthi ahlale ezinzile, futhi ezimweni ezingavamile, adala izimpawu.

Izinkinga zingafaka:

• Ukulimala kobuchopho
• Ukopha ngaphakathi kwe-Intracerebral
• Ubunzima bolimi
• Ukuba ndikindiki kwanoma iyiphi ingxenye yobuso noma yomzimba
• Ikhanda eliqhubekayo
• Ukuquleka
• Ukopha okungaphansi kwe-Subarachnoid
• Umbono uyashintsha
• Amanzi ebuchosheni (i-hydrocephalus)
• Ubuthakathaka engxenyeni ethile yomzimba

Izinkinga ezingaba khona zokuhlinzwa kobuchopho okuvulekile zifaka:

• Ukuvuvukala kobuchopho
• Ukopha
• Ukudlikiza
• Unhlangothi

Iya egumbini labezimo eziphuthumayo noma ushayele inombolo yendawo ephuthumayo (efana ne-911) uma une:

• Ubuntofontofo ezingxenyeni zomzimba
• Ukuquleka
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Ukuhlanza
• Ubuthakathaka
• Ezinye izimpawu ze-AVM eqhekekile

Futhi funa usizo lwezokwelashwa khona manjalo uma uqala ukudlikiza, ngoba i-AVM kungaba yimbangela yokuquleka.

I-AVM - ubuchopho; I-arteriovenous hemangioma; Unhlangothi - AVM; Isifo sohlangothi esopha kakhulu - i-AVM

• Ukuhlinzwa kobuchopho - ukukhishwa
• Ukuphathwa ikhanda - ukuthi yini okufanele uyibuze udokotela wakho
• Ama-radiosurgery we-stereotactic - ukukhishwa

• Imithambo yegazi yobuchopho

ILazzaro MA, iZaidat OO. Izimiso zokwelashwa kwe-neurointerventional. Ku: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, ama-eds. I-Neurology kaBradley ekwenziweni kwemitholampilo. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 56.

I-Ortega-Barnett J, Mohanty A, Desai SK, Patterson JT. I-Neurosurgery. Ku: Townsend CM Jr, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, eds. ISabiston Incwadi Yokuhlinzwa. Umhla ka-20. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2017: isahluko 67.

I-Stapf C. Ukukhubazeka kwe-Arteriovenous nokunye ukungafani kwemithambo yegazi. Ku: Grotta JC, Albers GW, Broderick JP, et al, ama-eds. Unhlangothi: I-Pathophysiology, i-Diagnosis, ne-Management. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 30.