Ithumba lobuchopho

Ithumba lobuchopho iqoqo lobomvu, amaseli omzimba, nokunye okokusebenza ebuchosheni, okubangelwa ukutheleleka ngegciwane noma ukhunta.

Amathumba ebuchopho avame ukwenzeka lapho amagciwane noma isikhunta ethelela ingxenye yobuchopho. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuvuvukala nokucasula (ukuvuvukala) kuyakhula.Amaseli obuchopho athelelekile, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, amabhaktheriya aphilayo noma afile noma isikhunta aqoqa endaweni yobuchopho. Amafomu ezicubu azungeze le ndawo futhi adala isisindo noma ithumba.

Amagciwane adala ithumba lobuchopho angafinyelela ebuchosheni ngegazi. Noma, zingena ngqo ebuchosheni, njengesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kobuchopho. Kwezinye izimo, ithumba lobuchopho liyavela ngokutheleleka ezonweni.

Umthombo wokutheleleka uvame ukungatholakali. Kodwa-ke, umthombo ovame kakhulu ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu. Ngokuvamile, ukutheleleka kwenhliziyo kuyimbangela.

Lokhu okulandelayo kuphakamisa amathuba akho okuthuthukisa ithumba lobuchopho:

• Amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka (njengabantu abane-HIV / AIDS)
• Izifo ezingalapheki, njengomdlavuza
• Izidakamizwa ezicindezela amasosha omzimba (i-corticosteroids noma i-chemotherapy)
• Isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso

Izimpawu zingakhula kancane, esikhathini esingamasonto ambalwa, noma zikhule ngokuzumayo. Zingafaka:

• Izinguquko esimweni sengqondo, ezifana nokudideka, ukuphendula ngokunensa noma ukucabanga, ukungakwazi ukugxila, noma ukulala
• Ukwehla kwekhono lokuzwa umuzwa
• Umkhuhlane namakhaza
• Ukuphathwa ikhanda, ukuqubuka, noma intamo elukhuni
• Izinkinga zolimi
• Ukulahleka kwemisipha, ikakhulukazi ohlangothini olulodwa
• Umbono uyashintsha
• Ukuhlanza
• Ubuthakathaka

Ukuhlolwa kobuchopho kanye nohlelo lwezinzwa (i-neurological) kuvame ukukhombisa izimpawu zengcindezi eyanda ngaphakathi kogebhezi nezinkinga zokusebenza kobuchopho.

Ukuhlolwa kokuthola ithumba lobuchopho kungafaka:

• Amasiko egazi
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Qedela ukubalwa kwegazi (CBC)
• Iskena sekhanda le-CT
• I-Electroencephalogram (EEG)
• I-MRI yekhanda
• Ukuhlolela ubukhona bama-antibody kumagciwane athile

I-needle biopsy ivame ukwenziwa ukukhomba imbangela yokutheleleka.

Ithumba lobuchopho yisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Ingcindezi ngaphakathi kogebhezi ingakhuphuka ngokwanele ukuba isongele impilo. Uzodinga ukuhlala esibhedlela kuze kube isimo sesizinzile. Abanye abantu bangadinga ukwesekwa ngempilo.

Kunconywa umuthi, hhayi ukuhlinzwa uma:

• Ithumba elincane (elingaphansi kuka-2 cm)
• Ithumba elijulile ebuchosheni
• Ithumba kanye ne-meningitis
• Amathumba amaningana (angavamile)
• Ama-Shunts ebuchosheni be-hydrocephalus (kwezinye izimo, i-shunt ingadinga ukususwa okwesikhashana noma ukushintshwa)
• Ukutheleleka okubizwa nge-toxoplasmosis kumuntu one-HIV / AIDS

Ungahle unikezwe izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-antibiotic ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukwelashwa kuyasebenza.

Imithi ye-antifungal nayo ingabekwa uma ukutheleleka kungenzeka kubangelwe ukhunta.

Ukuhlinzwa kuyadingeka uma:

• Ingcindezi eyengeziwe ebuchosheni iyaqhubeka noma iba yimbi kakhulu
• Ithumba lobuchopho alinciphi ngemuva komuthi
• Ithumba lobuchopho liqukethe igesi (ekhishwa ezinye izinhlobo zamagciwane)
• Ithumba lobuchopho lingahle livuleke (ukuqhekeka)
• Ithumba lobuchopho likhulu (ngaphezu kuka-2 cm)

Ukuhlinzwa kuqukethe ukuvula ugebhezi, ukuveza ubuchopho, nokukhipha ithumba. Ukuhlolwa kwelabhorathri kuvame ukwenziwa ukuhlola uketshezi. Lokhu kusiza ukukhomba imbangela yokutheleleka, ukuze kunqunywe imithi elwa namagciwane efanele noma umuthi wokubulala amagciwane.

Ukufunwa kwenaliti okuqondiswa yi-CT noma i-MRI scan kungadingeka ngethumba elijulile. Phakathi nale nqubo, imithi ingafakwa ngqo kwisisindo.

Ama-diuretics athile (imithi eyehlisa uketshezi emzimbeni, obizwa nangokuthi amaphilisi amanzi) kanye ne-steroids nayo ingasetshenziswa ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala kobuchopho.

Uma kungalashwa, ithumba lobuchopho cishe liyabulala njalo. Ngokwelashwa, izinga lokufa cishe liyi-10% kuya ku-30%. Ukwelashwa kwangaphambilini kutholwa, kungcono.

Abanye abantu bangaba nezinkinga zesistimu yezinzwa zesikhathi eside ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.

Izinkinga zingafaka:

• Ukulimala kobuchopho
• I-Meningitis enamandla futhi esongela impilo
• Buyisa (ukuphindeka) kokutheleleka
• Ukuquleka

Iya egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela noma ushayele inombolo yendawo ephuthumayo (njenge-911) uma unezimpawu zethumba lobuchopho.

Unganciphisa ubungozi bokubamba ithumba lobuchopho ngokuthola ukwelashwa ngezifo noma izinkinga zempilo ezingazibanga.

Abanye abantu, kufaka phakathi labo abanezinkinga ezithile zenhliziyo, bangathola ama-antibiotic ngaphambi kwamazinyo noma ezinye izinqubo zokusiza ukunciphisa ubungozi bokutheleleka.

Ithumba - ubuchopho; Ithumba lobuchopho; Ithumba le-CNS

• Ukuhlinzwa kobuchopho - ukukhishwa

• Ithumba lobuchopho be-Amebic
• Ubuchopho

IGea-Banacloche JC, iTunkel AR. Ithumba lobuchopho. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 90.

UNath A, uBerger JR. Ithumba lobuchopho kanye nokutheleleka kwe-parameningeal. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 385.