Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa - ama-amphetamine

Ama-Amphetamines yizidakamizwa. Zingaba zomthetho noma ezingekho emthethweni. Zisemthethweni uma zichazwe ngudokotela futhi zisetshenziselwa ukwelapha izinkinga zempilo ezifana nokukhuluphala, i-narcolepsy, noma i-attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Ukusebenzisa ama-amphetamine kungaholela ekubeni umlutha.

Ama-Amphetamines awekho emthethweni uma esetshenziswa ngaphandle kwencwadi kadokotela ukukhuphuka noma ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza. Kulokhu, aziwa njengemigwaqo, noma izidakamizwa zokuzijabulisa, futhi ukuzisebenzisa kungaholela ekuluthekeni. Lo mbhalo uchaza lesi sici sama-amphetamine.

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-amphetamine asemgwaqweni. Okuvamile namanye amagama abo esitsotsi yilawa:

• I-Amphetamine: goey, louee, isivinini, phezulu, whiz
• I-Dextroamphetamine (umuthi we-ADHD osetshenziswe ngokungemthetho): ama-dexies, i-kiddie-speed, amaphilisi e-pep, phezulu; ubuhle obumnyama (uma buhlanganiswe ne-amphetamine)
• I-Methamphetamine (ifomu eliqinile le-crystal): isisekelo, i-crystal, i-d-meth, esheshayo, ingilazi, iqhwa, i-meth, isivinini, i-whiz, i-wax emsulwa
• IMethamphetamine (ifomu eliwuketshezi): igazi lengwe, ukubomvu okungamanzi, igazi lenkabi, isivinini esibomvu

Ama-amphetamines angekho emthethweni eza ngezindlela ezahlukene:

• Amaphilisi namaphilisi
• Powder nokunamathisela
• I-Crystal
• Uketshezi

Zingasetshenziswa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene:

• Kugwinyiwe
• Kumenyezelwe ezingubeni
• Uhogelwe ngamakhala (uhogele)
• Ukujova emthanjeni (ukudubula phezulu)
• Ukubhema

Ama-amphetamine yizidakamizwa ezivuselelayo. Benza imiyalezo phakathi kobuchopho bakho nomzimba ihambe ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, uqaphile futhi usebenze ngokwasemzimbeni. Abanye abantu basebenzisa ama-amphetamine ukubasiza ukuthi bahlale bephapheme emsebenzini noma ukufundela isivivinyo. Abanye bazisebenzisela ukukhulisa ukusebenza kwabo kwezemidlalo.

Ama-Amphetamines nawo enza ukuthi ubuchopho bukhiphe i-dopamine. I-Dopamine yikhemikhali elihilelekile ekuthini imizwa, ukucabanga nokunyakaza. Ibizwa nangokuthi ikhemikhali yobuchopho ezizwa kahle. Ukusebenzisa ama-amphetamine kungadala imiphumela ejabulisayo efana nale:

• Injabulo (i-euphoria, noma i- "flash" noma "rush") nokuncipha okuncane, okufana nokudakwa
• Uzwa sengathi ukucabanga kwakho kucace ngokwedlulele
• Uzizwa ulawula kakhulu, uyazethemba
• Ukufuna ukuba nabantu futhi ukhulume nabantu (ubungane kakhulu)
• Amandla andisiwe

Uzwa ngokushesha kangakanani imiphumela yama-amphetamine kuncike ekutheni isetshenziswa kanjani:

• Ukubhema noma ukujova emthanjeni (ukudubula phezulu): Imiphumela ("ukugijimela") iqala ngaso leso sikhathi futhi ishubile futhi ihlala imizuzu embalwa.
• Ukuthimula: Imiphumela ("ephezulu") iqala ngemizuzu emi-3 kuye kwemi-5, ayinamandla kangako kunokubhema noma ukujova, futhi ihlala imizuzu eyi-15 kuye kwengama-30.
• Kuthathwe ngomlomo: Imiphumela ("ephezulu") iqala emaminithini ayi-15 kuye kwangama-20 futhi ihlala isikhathi eside kunokubhema, ukujova, noma ukukhipha, kuya ngokuthi kuthathwe malini.

Ama-Amphetamines angalimaza umzimba ngezindlela eziningi, futhi aholele ku:

• Ukunciphisa ukudla nokuncipha
• Izinkinga zenhliziyo njengokushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, ukukhuphuka kwengcindezi yegazi nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo
• Ukushisa komzimba okuphezulu nokukhipha isikhumba
• Izinkinga zokulahleka kwememori zicabanga kahle, nokushaywa unhlangothi
• Izinkinga zemizwa nezingokomzwelo ezinjengokuziphatha okunolaka noma okunodlame, ukudangala nokuzibulala
• Imibono eqhubekayo nokuhluleka ukusho okungokoqobo
• Ukuphumula nokuthuthumela
• Izilonda zesikhumba
• Izinkinga zokulala
• Ukubola kwamazinyo (meth umlomo)
• Ukufa

Abantu abasebenzisa le mithi, ikakhulukazi i-methamphetamine, banethuba eliphezulu lokuthola i-HIV kanye ne-hepatitis B no-C. Lokhu kungaba ngokwabelana ngezinaliti ezisetshenzisiwe nomuntu onesifo. Noma, kungaba ngokuya ocansini olungaphephile ngoba ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kungaholela ekuziphatheni okuyingozi.

Ama-amphetamine angadala ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa lapho ethathwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Futhi, izidakamizwa zasemgwaqweni aziphephile ngesikhathi sokuncelisa.

Imvamisa awuyithathi imilutha yama-amphetamines kadokotela lapho uwaphuza ngomthamo ofanele ukwelapha isimo sempilo yakho.

Umlutha wenzeka lapho usebenzisa ama-amphetamine ukuthola okuphezulu noma ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza. Umlutha kusho ukuthi umzimba nengqondo yakho kuncike emuthini. Awukwazi ukulawula indlela oyisebenzisa ngayo futhi uyayidinga ukuze udlule empilweni yansuku zonke.

Umlutha ungaholela ekubekezelelaneni. Ukubekezelelana kusho ukuthi udinga more and more of the drug ukuze uthole umuzwa ofanayo ophezulu. Futhi uma uzama ukuyeka ukusebenzisa, ingqondo nomzimba wakho kungaba nokuphendula. Lezi zibizwa njengezimpawu zokuhoxa, futhi zingafaka:

• Ukulangazelela okunamandla komuthi
• Ukuba nokushintshashintsha kwemizwa okusukela ekuzizweleni ucindezelekile kuya ekuxakanisekeni kuya ekukhathazekeni
• Ukuzizwa ngikhathele usuku lonke
• Ayikwazi ukugxilisa ingqondo
• Ukubona noma ukuzwa izinto ezingekho (ukusangana)
• Ukusabela ngokomzimba kungabandakanya ukuphathwa yikhanda, iminjunju nobuhlungu, ukwanda kwesifiso sokudla, ukungalali kahle

Ukwelashwa kuqala ngokwazi ukuthi kunenkinga. Lapho usuthathe isinqumo sokuthi ufuna ukwenza okuthile ngokusebenzisa kwakho izidakamizwa, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuthola usizo nokusekelwa.

Izinhlelo zokwelashwa zisebenzisa amasu okushintsha indlela yokuziphatha ngokwelulekwa (i-talk therapy). Inhloso ukukusiza uqonde indlela oziphethe ngayo nokuthi kungani usebenzisa ama-amphetamine. Ukubandakanya umndeni nabangane ngesikhathi sokwelulekwa kungakusiza ekusekeleni futhi kukugcine ungabuyeli ekusebenziseni (ukubuyela emuva).

Uma unezimpawu ezinzima zokuhoxa, kungadingeka ukuthi uhlale ohlelweni lokwelashwa okuhlala kulo. Lapho, impilo yakho nokuphepha kungabhekwa njengoba ululama.

Ngalesi sikhathi, awukho umuthi ongasiza ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-amphetamine ngokuvimba imiphumela yawo. Kepha, ososayensi bacwaninga ngemithi enjalo.

Njengoba ululama, gxila kokulandelayo ukusiza ukuvimbela ukubuyela emuva:

• Qhubeka uye ezikhathini zakho zokwelashwa.
• Thola imisebenzi emisha nezinhloso zokushintsha lezo ezibandakanya ukusebenzisa kwakho izidakamizwa.
• Chitha isikhathi esithe xaxa nomndeni nabangane ohluleke ukuxhumana nabo ngenkathi usebenzisa. Cabanga ukungaboni abangane abasasebenzisa.
• Zivocavoce futhi udle ukudla okunempilo.Ukunakekela umzimba wakho kuwusiza welaphe emiphumeleni eyingozi yokusebenzisa izidakamizwa. Uzozizwa ungcono, nawe.
• Gwema izimbangela. Laba kungaba ngabantu osebenzise nabo izidakamizwa. Zingaba futhi izindawo, izinto, noma imizwa engakwenza ufune ukusebenzisa futhi.

Izinsizakusebenza ezingakusiza usendleleni eya ekululameni zifaka:

• Ukubambisana Kwezingane Ezingenazo Izidakamizwa - drugfree.org/
• ILifeRing - www.lifering.org/
• Ukubuyiselwa kwe-SMART - www.smartrecovery.org/
• Izidakamizwa Ezingaziwa - www.na.org/

Uhlelo lwakho lokusiza abasebenzi emsebenzini (EAP) nalo luyinsiza enhle.

Shayela i-aphoyintimenti nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uma wena noma umuntu omaziyo engumlutha wama-amphetamine futhi edinga usizo ukuyeka ukusebenzisa. Fonela futhi uma unezimpawu zokuhoxa ezikukhathazayo.

Ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa - ama-amphetamine; Ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa - ama-amphetamine; Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa - ama-amphetamine

UKowalchuk A, uMhlanga BC. Ukuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa izidakamizwa. Ku: Rakel RE, Rakel DP, ama-eds. Incwadi Yezokwelapha Yomndeni. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 50.

I-National Institute on Drug Abuse iwebhusayithi. I-Methamphetamine. www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/methamphetamine/what-methamphetamine. Kubuyekezwe u-Okthoba 2019. Kufinyelelwe ngoJuni 26, 2020.

I-Weiss RD. Izidakamizwa zokuhlukumeza. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 31.

• Izidakamizwa Zeklabhu
• I-Methamphetamine