Ukungezwani kokudla

Ukungezwani kokudla uhlobo lokuphendula komzimba okubangelwa amaqanda, amakinati, ubisi, izimbaza noma okunye ukudla okuthile.

Abantu abaningi banokungabekezelelani kokudla. Leli gama ngokuvamile libhekisela ekushayeni, amajaqamba, ubuhlungu besisu, noma isifo sohudo esingaba khona ngemuva kokudla ukudla okufana nalokhu:

• Imikhiqizo yommbila
• Ubisi lwenkomo nemikhiqizo yalo (ukungabekezelelani kwe-lactose)
• Ukolweni nokunye okusanhlamvu okuqukethe i-gluten (isifo se-celiac)

Ukungezwani kokudla kwangempela akuvamile kakhulu.

Amasosha omzimba ngokujwayelekile avikela umzimba ezintweni eziyingozi, njengamagciwane namagciwane. Iphinde iphendule ezintweni zangaphandle ezibizwa ngama-allergen. Lokhu ngokuvamile akunangozi, futhi kubantu abaningi, akubangeli inkinga.

Kumuntu onenkinga yokungezwani komzimba nokudla, ukuphendula komzimba kuyazwela. Lapho ibona ukuthi i-allergen iyini, amasosha omzimba aqala impendulo. Amakhemikhali anjenge-histamines akhishwa. Lawa makhemikhali abangela izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba.

Noma yikuphi ukudla kungadala ukusabela okweqile. Ukungezwani komzimba okuvame kakhulu uku:

• Amaqanda (ikakhulukazi ezinganeni)
• Inhlanzi (izingane ezindala nabantu abadala)
• Ubisi (abantu bayo yonke iminyaka)
• Amantongomane (abantu bayo yonke iminyaka)
• I-Shellfish efana ne-shrimp, crab, ne-lobster (abantu bayo yonke iminyaka)
• I-Soy (ikakhulukazi ezinganeni)
• Amantongomane ezihlahla (abantu beminyaka yonke)
• Ukolweni (abantu bayo yonke iminyaka)

Ezimweni ezingavamile, izithasiselo zokudla, ezinjengamadayi, ama-thickeners, kanye nezivimbelakuvunda kungadala ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba nokudla noma ukungabekezelelani.

Abanye abantu banokungezwani komzimba ngomlomo. Lesi yisifo sohlobo lokungezwani komzimba esithinta umlomo nolimi ngemuva kokudla izithelo nemifino ethize:

• Amakhabe, ama-apula, uphayinaphu, nokunye ukudla kuqukethe izinto ezifana nempova ethile.
• Ukuphendula kuvame ukwenzeka lapho udla uhlobo oluhlaza lokudla. Ukusabela okunzima kangakanani kuncike ekutheni ungakanani ukudla okudlayo.

Izimpawu zivame ukuqala kungakapheli amahora amabili ngemuva kokudla. Kwesinye isikhathi, izimpawu ziqala emahoreni ambalwa ngemuva kokudla ukudla.

Izimpawu ezisemqoka zokungezwani komzimba nokudla kufaka phakathi isifuba, izwi elihoshozelayo, nokuhayiza.

Ezinye izimpawu ezingenzeka zibandakanya:

• Ukuvuvukala (i-angioedema), ikakhulukazi amajwabu amehlo, ubuso, izindebe nolimi
  
• Inkinga yokugwinya noma yokuphefumula ngenxa yokuvuvukala komphimbo
• Ukulunywa komlomo, umphimbo, amehlo, isikhumba, noma enye indawo
• Ubumhlophe noma ukuquleka
• Ukucinana kwamakhala, ikhala eligijimayo
• Amajaqamba esiswini, uhudo, isicanucanu, noma ukugabha

Izimpawu zomlomo (zomlomo) zokungezwani komzimba nesifo:

• Izindebe ezilumayo, ulimi, nomphimbo
• Izindebe ezivuvukile (kwesinye isikhathi)

Ekuphenduleni okunzima, okubizwa nge-anaphylaxis, ngaphezu kwalezi zimpawu ezingenhla, ungaba nomfutho wegazi ophansi kanye nemigwaqo yomoya evinjiwe. Lokhu kungasongela impilo.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi noma kwesikhumba kwesinye isikhathi kusetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi une-allergies. Inselelo yokudla eyimpumputhe kabili ingenye yezindlela zokuthola ukungezwani kokudla kweqiniso. Ngalesi sivivinyo, wena nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ngeke nazi ukuthi nidlani.

Ngokudla kokuqeda, ugwema ukudla okusolwayo kuze kuphele izimpawu zakho. Ngemuva kwalokho uqala ukudla lokho kudla futhi ukuze ubone ukuthi ngabe uba negciwane yini.

Ekuhloleni okucasulayo (inselelo), udla inani elincane lokudla okusolwayo ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwezokwelapha. Lolu hlobo lokuhlola lungadala ukusabela okweqile komzimba. Ukuhlolwa kwenselele kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngumhlinzeki oqeqeshiwe.

Ungalokothi uzame ukudala ukusabela noma uphinde uqalise ukudla ngokwakho. Lezi zivivinyo kufanele zenziwe kuphela ngaphansi kokuholwa ngumhlinzeki, ikakhulukazi uma ukusabela kwakho kokuqala kwakunzima.

Uma usola ukuthi wena noma ingane yakho ninokungezwani komzimba nokudla, bheka udokotela onguchwepheshe wezinto ezingezwani nokwaliwa (i-allergist).

Ukwelashwa kungafaka noma yikuphi okulandelayo:

• Ukugwema ukudla (lokhu ukwelashwa okuphumelela kakhulu).
• Ukwehla kwesimo, lapho udla inani elincane lokudla usuku ngalunye. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi kokuqondiswa ngumzimba wezilwane.

Ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa, kufaka phakathi ama-allergy shots kanye nama-probiotic, azange kufakazelwe ukuthi ziyasiza ngokungezwani komzimba nokudla.

Uma ingane yakho inenkinga nefomula yobisi lwenkomo, umhlinzeki wakho angaphakamisa ukuthi azame ifomula esuselwe kusoya noma okuthile okubizwa ngokuthi ifomula eliyisisekelo, uma litholakala.

Uma unezimpawu endaweni eyodwa kuphela yomzimba, isibonelo, isidleke esilevini ngemuva kokudla ukudla, ungahle ungadingi ukwelashwa. Izimpawu kungenzeka ziphele ngesikhathi esifushane. Ama-antihistamine angaqeda ukungakhululeki. Amafutha wesikhumba athobisayo nawo anganikeza ukukhululeka okuthile.

Uma kutholakale ukuthi une-allergies yokudla, funda ukuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-epinephrine yomjovo. Kufanele ube nayo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Uma uhlakulela noma yiluphi uhlobo lokuphendula okungathi sína noma komzimba wonke (noma isifuba) ngemuva kokudla ukudla:

• Jova i-epinephrine.
• Bese uye esibhedlela esiseduze noma esikhungweni sezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha, okungcono nge-ambulensi.

Amaqembu alandelayo anganikeza imininingwane ethe xaxa mayelana nokwaliwa ukudla:

• I-American Academy of Allergy Asthma and Immunology - www.aaaai.org/conditions-and-treatments/allergies/food-allergies
• Ucwaningo Lokungezelela Ukudla Nemfundo (FARE) - www.foodallergy.org/
• Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sokungezwani Nokwelashwa Nezifo Ezithathelwanayo - www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/food-allergy

Ukungezwani komzimba namantongomane, amantongomane ezihlahla, kanye ne-shellfish kuvame ukuhlala impilo yonke.

Ukugwema ukudla okuyinkinga kungaba lula uma ukudla kungavamile noma kulula ukukubona. Uma udla ekhaya, buza imibuzo eningiliziwe ngokudla okuphakelwayo. Lapho uthenga ukudla, funda izithako zephakeji ngokucophelela.

I-Anaphylaxis ukusabela okweqile komzimba, komzimba wonke okusongela impilo. Yize abantu abanesifo somlomo sokungezwani komzimba bangaba nokuphendula kwe-anaphylactic ezimweni ezingavamile, kufanele babuze udokotela wabo ukuthi badinga yini ukuphatha i-epinephrine ejojozayo.

Ukungezwani komzimba nokudla kungadala noma kubhebhethekise i-asthma, i-eczema, noma ezinye izifo.

Izinyathelo okufanele uzithathe lapho ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba nokudla kwenzeka:

• Shayela inombolo yakho yendawo ephuthumayo, efana ne-911, uma unokuthinteka komzimba okuqinile noma komzimba wonke, ikakhulukazi ukuphefumula noma ukuphefumula kanzima, ngemuva kokudla ukudla.
• Uma umhlinzeki wakho enqume i-epinephrine ukuthi iphendulwe kanzima, yijove ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, ngisho nangaphambi kokushayela u-911. Uma usheshe ufake i-epinephrine, iba ngcono.
• Noma ngubani oke waba nokungezwani komzimba nokudla kufanele abonwe yi-allergenist.

Ukuncelisa ibele kungasiza ukuvimbela ukungezwani komzimba. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ayikho indlela eyaziwa yokuvimbela ukungezwani kokudla.

Inkolelo ejwayelekile kanye nokwenza kuyinto yokubambezela ukwethula ukudla okubangela ukungezwani komzimba ezinganeni kuze kube yilapho umgudu wazo wamathumbu usuthole ithuba lokuvuthwa. Isikhathi salokhu siyehluka ekudleni siye ekudleni futhi kusukela enganeni kuye enganeni.

Ukugwema amakinati ebuntwaneni kusengathi akuvimbi, futhi kungahle kuthuthukise, ukukhula kokungezwani namantongomane. Odokotela manje basikisela ukwethula ukudla okuqukethe amakinati ezinganeni, okungavimbela ukungezwani kwamantongomane. Khuluma nomhlinzeki wengane yakho ukuze ufunde kabanzi.

Uma ukungezwani komzimba sekuthuthukile, ukugwema ngokucophelela ukudla okonayo kuvimbela ezinye izinkinga.

Ukungezwani komzimba nokudla; Ukungezwani kokudla - amakinati; Ukungezwani kokudla - soy; Ukungezwani kokudla - inhlanzi; Ukungezwani kokudla - i-shellfish; Ukungezwani kokudla - amaqanda; Ukungezwani kokudla - ubisi

• myPlate
• I-Anaphylaxis
• Ukungezwani kokudla
• Funda amalebula okudla
• I-Perioral dermatitis
• Amasosha omzimba

Ukungezwani komzimba nokudla i-Bird JA, Jones S, Burks W. Ku: Rich RR, Fleisher TA, Shearer WT, Schroeder HW, Frew AJ, Weyand CM, ama-eds. I-Clinical Immunology: Izimiso Nokwenza. Umhlaka 5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 45.

USicherer SH, uLack G, uJones SM. Ukuphathwa kokungezwani komzimba nokudla. Ku: Burks AW, Holgate ST, O'Hehir RE, et al, ama-eds. Ukungezwani komzimba noMiddleton: Izimiso kanye Nokuzijwayeza. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 82.

UTogias A, Cooper SF, Acebal ML, et al. Imihlahlandlela ye-Addendum yokuvimbela ukungezwani kwamakinati e-United States: umbiko weNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases-sponsored panel panel. J Ukungezwani komzimba ne-Immunol. 2017; 139 (1): 29-44. I-PMID: 28065278 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28065278/.