Ukuphazamiseka komzimba

Ukuphazamiseka kokuzivikela komzimba kwenzeka lapho impendulo yomzimba yokuzivikela komzimba incishisiwe noma ingekho.

Amasosha omzimba akhiwa izicubu ze-lymphoid emzimbeni, okubandakanya:

• Umkantsha
• Ama-lymph node
• Izingxenye zobende nomgudu wamathumbu
• Thymus
• Amathani

Amaprotheni namaseli egazini nawo ayingxenye yesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni.

Amasosha omzimba asiza ukuvikela umzimba ezintweni eziyingozi ezibizwa ngama-antigen. Izibonelo zama-antigen zifaka amabhaktheriya, amagciwane, ubuthi, amangqamuzana omdlavuza, negazi langaphandle noma izicubu zomunye umuntu noma uhlobo.

Lapho amasosha omzimba ethola i-antigen, aphendula ngokukhiqiza amaprotheni abizwa ngama-antibody aqeda izinto eziyingozi. Impendulo yamasosha omzimba ibuye ifake inqubo ebizwa nge-phagocytosis. Phakathi nale nqubo, amaseli athile amhlophe egazi agwinya abhubhise amabhaktheriya nezinye izinto zangaphandle. Amaprotheni abizwa ngokuthi yi-complement help ngale nqubo.

Izinkinga zokuzivikela komzimba zingathinta noma iyiphi ingxenye yesistimu yomzimba. Esikhathini esiningi, lezi zimo zenzeka lapho amangqamuzana egazi amhlophe abizwa ngokuthi ama-T noma B ama-lymphocyte (noma womabili) engasebenzi ngokujwayelekile noma umzimba wakho ungakhiqizi amasosha omzimba anele.

Izinkinga ze-immunodeficiency ezitholwe njengefa ezithinta amangqamuzana e-B zifaka:

• I-Hypogammaglobulinemia, evame ukuholela ezifweni zokuphefumula nezamathumbu
• I-Agammaglobulinemia, okuholela ekuthelelekeni okunzima zisencane, futhi kuvame ukubulala

Ukuphazamiseka kwe-immunodeficiency okuyifa ethinta amaseli we-T kungadala ukutheleleka okuphindayo kweCandida (imvubelo). Ukuqina komzimba okuhlanganisiwe kuthinta womabili amaseli we-T namaseli B. Kungabulala phakathi nonyaka wokuqala wokuphila uma ungelashwa kusenesikhathi.

Abantu kuthiwa bayacindezelwa uma benesifo se-immunodeficiency ngenxa yemithi ethena amandla amasosha omzimba (njenge-corticosteroids). I-immunosuppression nayo ingumphumela ojwayelekile we-chemotherapy enikezwe ukwelapha umdlavuza.

Ukwehla kwamandla omzimba okutholakalayo kungaba inkinga yezifo ezinjenge-HIV / AIDS kanye nokungondleki (ikakhulukazi uma umuntu engadli amaprotheni anele). Imidlavuza eminingi ingadala nokungasebenzi kahle komzimba.

Abantu abasuswe ubende banokutholakala komzimba, futhi basengozini enkulu yokutheleleka ngamabhaktheriya athile ubende obekungasiza ukulwa nawo. Abantu abanesifo sikashukela nabo basengozini enkulu yokutheleleka okuthile.

Njengoba ukhula, amasosha omzimba aqala ukusebenza kahle. Izicubu zesistimu yomzimba (ikakhulukazi izicubu ze-lymphoid njenge-thymus) ziyancipha, futhi inani nomsebenzi wamaseli amhlophe egazi wehla.

Izimo nezifo ezilandelayo kungaholela ekuphazamisekeni komzimba:

• I-Ataxia-telangiectasia
• Gcwalisa ukushiyeka
• I-DiGeorge syndrome
• I-Hypogammaglobulinemia
• Isifo sikaJobe
• Ukukhubazeka kwe-leukocyte
• I-Agammaglobulinemia
• Isifo seWiskott-Aldrich

Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angacabanga ukuthi unesifo se-immunodeficiency disorder uma une:

• Izifo ezilokhu zibuya noma zingapheli
• Ukutheleleka okukhulu ngamagciwane noma amanye amagciwane angavamisile ukudala ukutheleleka okunzima

Ezinye izimpawu zifaka:

• Impendulo engeyinhle ekwelashweni kwezifo
• Ukululama okubambezelekile noma okungaphelele ekuguleni
• Izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza (njengeKaposi sarcoma noma i-non-Hodgkin lymphoma)
• Ukutheleleka okuthile (kufaka ezinye izinhlobo ze-pneumonia noma ukutheleleka okuphindaphindiwe kwemvubelo)

Izimpawu zincike ekuphazamisekeni. Isibonelo, labo abanamazinga anciphile e-IgA ahlanganiswe namazinga aphansi ezigaba ezithile ze-IgG kungenzeka babe nezinkinga ezibandakanya amaphaphu, amasinusi, izindlebe, umphimbo, kanye nomgudu wokugaya ukudla.

Izivivinyo ezisetshenziselwa ukuxilonga isifo se-immunodeficiency disorder zingafaka:

• Qedela amazinga egazini, noma ezinye izivivinyo ukukala izinto ezikhishwe amasosha omzimba
• Ukuhlolelwa i-HIV
• Amazinga we-Immunoglobulin egazini
• Amaprotheni electrophoresis (igazi noma umchamo)
• T (thymus etholakala) ukubalwa kwe-lymphocyte
• Isibalo samangqamuzana amhlophe egazi

Inhloso yokwelashwa ukuvikela ukutheleleka nokwelapha noma yisiphi isifo nezifo ezikhulayo.

Uma unamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka, kufanele ugweme ukuxhumana nabantu abanezifo noma izifo ezithathelwanayo. Kungadingeka ukuthi ugweme abantu abagonywe ngemigomo yokuthola igciwane bukhoma emasontweni amabili edlule.

Uma uhlakulela ukutheleleka, umhlinzeki wakho uzokuphatha ngolaka. Lokhu kungabandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwemithi elwa namagciwane noma ye-antifungal ukuvikela izifo ukuthi zingabuyi.

I-Interferon isetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukutheleleka ngegciwane kanye nezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza. Kungumuthi owenza amasosha omzimba asebenze kangcono.

Abantu abane-HIV / AIDS bangathatha inhlanganisela yemithi ukwehlisa inani le-HIV kumasosha abo omzimba futhi bathuthukise amasosha omzimba.

Abantu abazoba nokususwa kobende okuhleliwe kufanele bagonywe amasonto ama-2 ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa kwamagciwane afana I-Streptococcus pneumonia futhi Haemophilus influenzae. Abantu abangakaze bagonywe phambilini noma abangenawo amasosha omzimba aziwayo kufanele futhi bathole i-MMR, kanye nemithi yokugomela pox pox. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunconywa nokuthi abantu bathole uchungechunge lokugoma lwe-DTaP noma i-booster shot lapho kudingeka.

Ukufakelwa komnkantsha wethambo kungasetshenziswa ukwelapha izimo ezithile zokukhubazeka komzimba.

Ukungatheleleki komzimba (ukuthola amasosha omzimba akhiqizwa ngomunye umuntu noma isilwane) kwesinye isikhathi kunganconywa ukuvikela ukugula ngemuva kokuvezwa amagciwane noma amagciwane athile.

Abantu abanamazinga aphansi noma angekho ama-immunoglobulin athile bangasizwa nge-intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), enikezwa ngomthambo.

Ezinye izinkinga zokungenwa yi-immunodeficiency zimnene futhi zidala ukugula ngezikhathi ezithile. Ezinye zinzima futhi zingabulala. Ukucindezela komzimba okubangelwa yimithi kuvame ukuphela uma umuthi umisiwe.

Izinkinga zokuphazamiseka komzimba zingafaka:

• Ukugula njalo noma okuqhubekayo
• Ingozi eyengeziwe yemidlavuza ethile noma izicubu
• Ingozi eyengeziwe yokutheleleka

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho ngokushesha uma ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali noma i-corticosteroids futhi uthuthuka:

• Umkhuhlane we-100.5 ° F (38 ° C) noma ngaphezulu
• Ukukhwehlela okuphefumula kancane
• Ubuhlungu besisu
• Ezinye izimpawu ezintsha

Iya egumbini labezimo eziphuthumayo noma ushayele inombolo yakho yendawo ephuthumayo (enjenge-911) uma unentamo elukhuni nekhanda elinomkhuhlane.

Xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho uma uphindaphinde ukutheleleka ngemvubelo noma i-thrush yomlomo.

Ayikho indlela eyaziwayo yokuvimbela ukuphazamiseka okuzuze njenge-immunodeficiency. Uma unomlando womndeni wokuphazamiseka komzimba, ungahle ufune ukululekwa ngofuzo.

Ukwenza ucansi oluphephile nokugwema ukwabelana ngamanzi oketshezi lomzimba kungasiza ekuvimbeleni i-HIV / AIDS. Buza umhlinzeki wakho uma umuthi obizwa ngeTruvada ulungile yini kuwe ukuvikela ukutheleleka nge-HIV.

Ukudla okunomsoco ongcono kungavimbela ukutholakala kwamasosha omzimba okubangelwa ukungondleki.

Ukucindezelwa komzimba; Ukucindezelwa komzimba - ukungasebenzi komzimba; Ukucindezelwa kwe-immune - ukungasebenzi komzimba; I-Hypogammaglobulinemia - ukungasebenzi komzimba; I-Agammaglobulinemia - ukungasebenzi komzimba

• Amasosha omzimba

U-Abbas AK, uLichtman AH, uPillai S. Congenital futhi bathola ukungasebenzi komzimba. Ku: Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai S, eds. I-Immunology Yeselula Namaseli. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 21.

UBonanni P, uGrazzini M, uNiccolai G, et al. Imishanguzo enconyelwe iziguli ezindala ze-asplenic ne-hyposplenic. Hum Vaccin Okungenzeka. 2017; 13 (2): 359-368. I-PMID: 27929751 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27929751/.

ICunningham-Rundles C. Izifo eziyinhloko zokuzivikela emzimbeni. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 236.