Umdlavuza wesikhumba wesisekelo se-Basal

Umdlavuza wesisekelo se-basal uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza e-United States. Iningi lomdlavuza wesikhumba ngumdlavuza we-basal cell.

Ezinye izinhlobo ezivamile zomdlavuza wesikhumba yilezi:

• Umdlavuza we-squamous cell
• I-Melanoma

Ingqimba ephezulu yesikhumba ibizwa nge-epidermis. Ingqimba engezansi ye-epidermis ungqimba lwe-basal cell. Ngomdlavuza oyisisekelo, amaseli akule ungqimba yiwo aba nomdlavuza. Iningi lomdlavuza wamaseli we-basal wenzeka esikhunjeni esivame ukuvezwa yilanga noma eminye imisebe ye-ultraviolet.

Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza wesikhumba luvame kakhulu kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka yobudala engama-50. Kodwa kungenzeka futhi kubantu abasha abake bathola ilanga kakhulu. Umdlavuza wesisekelo se-basal cishe uhlala ukhula kancane. Akuvamile ukusakazeka kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Unamathuba amaningi okuthuthukisa umdlavuza we-basal cell uma une:

• Isikhumba esinombala okhanyayo noma esinezinqa
• Amehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, aluhlaza noma ompunga
• Izinwele ezimhlophe noma ezibomvu
• Ukuvezwa ngokweqile kuma-x-ray noma ezinye izinhlobo zemisebe
• Ama-moles amaningi
• Vala izihlobo ezinomdlavuza wesikhumba noma ezinomdlavuza wesikhumba
• Ukushiswa yilanga okunzima kakhulu esemncane
• Ukuchayeka ilanga nsuku zonke (njengokuchayeka elangeni okutholwe abantu abasebenza ngaphandle)

Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi zifaka:

• Ukubhema
• Amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka, njengokusebenzisa imishanguzo ecindezela amasosha omzimba ngemuva kokufakelwa komzimba
• Izifo zesikhumba ezizuzwe njenge-nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome
• Njengoba ngibe nokwelashwa kwe-photodynamic

Umdlavuza wesisekelo se-basal uvame ukukhula kancane futhi kaningi awunabuhlungu. Kungenzeka kungabukeki buhluke kangako esikhunjeni sakho esijwayelekile. Ungaba neqhubu lesikhumba noma ukukhula okungukuthi:

• Pear noma waxy
• Ipinki emhlophe noma ekhanyayo
• Umbala wenyama noma onsundu
• Isiqephu sesikhumba esibomvu, esinamaxolo

Kwezinye izimo, isikhumba siphakanyiswa nje kancane, noma siyisicaba.

Ungahle ube:

• Isilonda sesikhumba esopha kalula
• Isilonda esingapholi
• Izindawo ezisondayo noma eziqhaqhaqhaqha esiswini
• Isilonda esifana nesibazi ngaphandle kokulimaza indawo
• Imithambo yegazi engajwayelekile ngaphakathi noma ezungeze indawo
• Isilonda esinendawo ecindezelekile (eshonile) phakathi

Udokotela wakho uzohlola isikhumba sakho bese ebheka ubukhulu, ukuma, umbala nokuthungwa kwanoma yiziphi izindawo ezisolisayo.

Uma udokotela wakho ecabanga ukuthi ungaba nomdlavuza wesikhumba, kuzosuswa ucezu lwesikhumba. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-biopsy yesikhumba. Isampula ithunyelwa ebhodini ukuze ihlolwe ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu.

Kufanele kwenziwe i-biopsy yesikhumba ukuqinisekisa umdlavuza we-basal cell noma eminye imidlavuza yesikhumba.

Ukwelashwa kuya ngosayizi, ukujula nendawo yomdlavuza wesikhumba nempilo yakho iyonke. Umuthi ngamunye unezingozi nezinzuzo zawo. Wena nodokotela wakho ningaxoxa ngokwelashwa okulungele wena.

Ukwelashwa kungafaka noma yikuphi okulandelayo:

• Ukuzikhipha: Ukusika umdlavuza wesikhumba nokuhlanganisa isikhumba ndawonye
• Ukwelashwa nokufakwa kwe-electrodessication: Ukususa amangqamuzana omdlavuza nokusebenzisa ugesi ukubulala noma yikuphi okusele; esetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza ongekho omkhulu noma ojulile; imvamisa i-curettage isetshenziswa yodwa ngaphandle kwe-electrodessication
• ICryosurgery: Kuqandisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza, okuwabulalayo; esetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza ongekho omkhulu noma ojulile
• Imithi yokwelapha: Okhilimu besikhumba abanemithi; esetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza ongekho omkhulu noma ojulile
• Ukuhlinzwa kweMohs: Ukususa ungqimba lwesikhumba bese usibuka ngokushesha ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu, bese ususa izingqimba zesikhumba kuze kungabikho zimpawu zomdlavuza; imvamisa isetshenziselwa umdlavuza wesikhumba emakhaleni, ezindlebeni, nakwezinye izindawo zobuso
• Ukwelashwa kwe-Photodynamic: Kusetshenziswa ikhemikhali elungiselelwe ukukhanya ukwelapha umdlavuza ongekho mkhulu noma ujule
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe: Kungasetshenziswa uma umdlavuza we-basal cell ungakwazi ukwelashwa ngokuhlinzwa
• I-Chemotherapy: Ingasetshenziswa ezimweni ezingavamile zomdlavuza we-basal cell osakaze kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba noma ezingalashwa ngokuhlinzwa
• Izindlela zokwelapha ze-Biologic (ama-immunotherapies): Imithi ehlose futhi ibulale umdlavuza wesikhumba wesisekelo futhi isetshenziswa lapho ukwelashwa okujwayelekile kungasebenzi

Unganciphisa ukucindezela kokugula ngokujoyina iqembu lokusekela umdlavuza. Ukwabelana nabanye abanokuhlangenwe nakho okuvamile nezinkinga kungakusiza ungazizwa uwedwa.

Iningi lalawa mdlavuza liyelapheka uma welashwa kusenesikhathi. Amanye umdlavuza wamaseli we-basal abuya endaweni efanayo. Amancane mancane amathuba okuthi abuye.

Umdlavuza wesikhumba we-basal cishe awusakazeki ngale kwendawo yokuqala. Uma iyekwa ingalashwa, ingahle isabalale iye ezindaweni eziseduze nezicubu namathambo aseduze.

Shayela i-aphoyintimenti nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uma unesifo noma ibala esikhunjeni sakho eliguquka ku:

• Ukubukeka
• Umbala
• Usayizi
• Ukuthungwa

Fonela futhi umhlinzeki wakho uma indawo iba buhlungu noma ivuvukala, noma uma iqala ukopha noma ukunwaya.

I-American Cancer Society incoma ukuthi umhlinzeki ahlole isikhumba sakho minyaka yonke uma umdala kuneminyaka engama-40 futhi njalo eminyakeni emithathu uma uneminyaka engama-20 kuya kwengama-40 ubudala. Kufanele futhi uhlole isikhumba sakho kanye ngenyanga. Sebenzisa isibuko sesandla ngezindawo okunzima ukuzibona. Shayela udokotela wakho uma ubona noma yini engavamile.

Indlela engcono yokuvikela umdlavuza wesikhumba ukunciphisa ukuvezwa kwakho yilanga. Sebenzisa i-sunscreen njalo:

• Faka i-sunscreen nge-sun protection factor (SPF) okungenani engama-30, noma ngabe uphumela ngaphandle isikhashana.
• Faka inani elikhulu lesikrini selanga kuzo zonke izindawo eziveziwe, kufaka phakathi izindlebe nezinyawo.
• Bheka isikrini selanga esivimba ukukhanya kwe-UVA ne-UVB.
• Sebenzisa isivikelo selanga esimelana namanzi.
• Faka i-sunscreen okungenani imizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi kokuphuma. Landela imiyalo yephakheji emayelana nokuthi uphinde ufake isicelo kaningi kangakanani. Qiniseka ukuthi uphinde ufake isicelo ngemuva kokubhukuda noma ukujuluka.
• Sebenzisa i-sunscreen ebusika nasezinsukwini ezinamafu, futhi.

Ezinye izinyathelo zokukusiza ukuthi ugweme ukukhanya kwelanga okuningi:

• Ukukhanya kwe-Ultraviolet kukhulu kakhulu phakathi kuka-10 ekuseni no-4 ntambama. Zama ukugwema ilanga ngalezi zikhathi.
• Vikela isikhumba ngokugqoka izigqoko ezivulekile, amahembe anemikhono emide, iziketi ezinde, noma amabhulukwe. Ungathenga nezingubo ezivikela ilanga.
• Gwema izindawo ezikhanyisa kakhulu, njengamanzi, isihlabathi, ukhonkolo nezindawo ezipendwe mhlophe.
• Ukuphakama kokuphakama, isikhumba sakho siyasha ngokushesha.
• Ungasebenzisi amalambu elanga nemibhede yokushuka (ama-salon). Ukuchitha imizuzu engu-15 kuya kwengu-20 endaweni yokucwala ukhuni kuyingozi njengosuku oluchithwa elangeni.

I-basal cell carcinoma; Isilonda sesilonda; Umdlavuza wesikhumba - i-basal cell; Umdlavuza - isikhumba - iseli le-basal; Umdlavuza wesikhumba we-Nonmelanoma; Isisekelo se-NMSC yeseli; I-basal cell epithelioma

• Umdlavuza wesikhumba, i-basal cell carcinoma - impumulo
• Umdlavuza wesikhumba, i-basal cell carcinoma - i-pigmented
• Umdlavuza wesikhumba, i-basal cell carcinoma - ngemuva kwendlebe
• Umdlavuza wesikhumba, i-basal cell carcinoma - isakazeka
• Umdlavuza wamaseli amaningi we-basal ngenxa yokwelashwa kwe-x-ray yezinduna
• I-Basal Cell Carcinoma - ubuso
• I-Basal cell carcinoma - ukusondela
• Umdlavuza wesisekelo se-Basal

IHabif TP. Izicubu zesikhumba zangaphambi kwesifo esibi futhi esibi. Ku: Habif TP, ed. I-Clinical Dermatology: Umhlahlandlela Wombala Wokuxilongwa Nokwelapha. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 21.

Iwebhusayithi yeNational Cancer Institute. Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wesikhumba (PDQ®) - Health Professional Version. www.cancer.gov/types/skin/hp/skin-treatment-pdq#section/_222. Kubuyekezwe uDisemba 19, 2019. Kufinyelelwe ngoFebhuwari 24, 2020.

Iwebhusayithi ye-National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Izinkombandlela ze-NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines ku-Oncology (Izinkombandlela ze-NCCN): Umdlavuza wesikhumba wesisekelo se-Basal. Inguqulo 1.2020. www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/nmsc.pdf. Kubuyekezwe u-Okthoba 24, 2020. Kufinyelelwe ngoFebhuwari 24, 2020.

I-US Preventive Services Task Force, ama-Bibbins-Domingo K, uGrossman DC, et al. Ukuhlolwa umdlavuza wesikhumba: Isitatimende sezincomo se-US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2016; 316 (4): 429-435. I-PMID 27458948 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27458948.