Umdlavuza wesikhumba ogcwele squamous

I-squamous cell cancer luhlobo lwesibili lomdlavuza oluvame kakhulu e-United States.

Ezinye izinhlobo ezivamile zomdlavuza wesikhumba yilezi:

• Umdlavuza wesisekelo se-Basal
• I-Melanoma

Umdlavuza wesikhumba we-squamous uthinta i-epidermis, ungqimba oluphezulu lwesikhumba.

Umdlavuza we-squamous cell ungavela esikhunjeni esingalimele. Kungenzeka futhi esikhunjeni esilimele noma esivuthayo. Iningi lomdlavuza wama-squamous cell uvela esikhunjeni esivame ukuvezwa yilanga noma eminye imisebe ye-ultraviolet.

Uhlobo lokuqala lomdlavuza we-squamous cell lubizwa ngokuthi yi-Bowen disease (noma i-squamous cell carcinoma in situ). Lolu hlobo alusakazeki ezicutshini eziseduze, ngoba lusengxenyeni engaphandle yesikhumba.

I-Actinic keratosis iyisilonda esikhumbeni esingahle sibe ngumdlavuza weseli. (Isilonda siyinkinga endaweni yesikhumba.)

I-keratoacanthoma wuhlobo olumnene lomdlavuza weseli omubi okhula ngokushesha.

Izingozi zomdlavuza weseli squamous zifaka:

• Ukuba nesikhumba esikhanyayo, amehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma aluhlaza, noma izinwele ezimhloshana noma ezibomvu.
• Isikhathi eside, ukuvezwa yilanga nsuku zonke (njengabantu abasebenza ngaphandle).
• Ukushiswa yilanga okunzima kakhulu esemncane.
• Ukuguga.
• Ukuba nama-x-ray amaningi.
• Ukuvezwa ngamakhemikhali, njenge-arsenic.
• Amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka, ikakhulukazi kubantu abafakelwe isitho somzimba.

Umdlavuza we-squamous cell uvame ukuvela ebusweni, ezindlebeni, entanyeni, ezandleni, noma ezandleni. Kungenzeka kwezinye izindawo.

Uphawu oluyinhloko iqhubu elikhulayo elingaba nendawo emangelengele, enesikhala kanye nezimagqabhagqabha ezibomvu ezicabalele.

Ifomu lokuqala (squamous cell carcinoma in situ) lingavela njengesigaxa esibomvu, esibunjiwe, nesibomvu esikhulu esingaba sikhulu kunamasentimitha ayi-2,5.

Isilonda esingapholi kungaba uphawu lomdlavuza wamangqamuzana omubi. Noma yiluphi uguquko ku-wart, imvukuzane, noma esinye isilonda sesikhumba kungaba uphawu lomdlavuza wesikhumba.

Udokotela wakho uzohlola isikhumba sakho bese ebheka ubukhulu, ukuma, umbala nokuthungwa kwanoma yiziphi izindawo ezisolisayo.

Uma udokotela wakho ecabanga ukuthi ungaba nomdlavuza wesikhumba, kuzosuswa ucezu lwesikhumba. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-biopsy yesikhumba. Isampula ithunyelwa ebhodini ukuze ihlolwe ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu.

Kufanele kwenziwe i-biopsy yesikhumba ukuze kuqinisekiswe umdlavuza wesikhumba oshubile noma eminye imidlavuza yesikhumba.

Ukwelashwa kuya ngosayizi nendawo okukhona kuyo umdlavuza wesikhumba, ukuthi ususabalale kangakanani, nempilo yakho iyonke. Eminye imidlavuza yesikhumba esigaxekile ingaba nzima ukwelashwa.

Ukwelashwa kungafaka:

• Ukuzikhipha: Ukusika umdlavuza wesikhumba nokuhlanganisa isikhumba ndawonye.
• Ukwelashwa nokufakwa kwe-electrodessication: Ukususa amangqamuzana omdlavuza nokusebenzisa ugesi ukubulala noma yini esele. Isetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza ongekho mkhulu kakhulu noma ujule.
• ICryosurgery: Kumisa amaseli omdlavuza, okuwabulalayo. Lokhu kusetshenziselwa umdlavuza omncane futhi ongaphezulu (hhayi ojulile).
• Imithi: Okhilimu besikhumba abano-imiquimod noma i-5-fluorouracil yomdlavuza weseli ongahilelekile.
• Ukuhlinzwa kukaMohs: Ukususa ungqimba lwesikhumba bese usibuka ngokushesha ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu, bese ususa izingqimba zesikhumba kuze kungabikho zimpawu zomdlavuza, imvamisa esetshenziselwa umdlavuza wesikhumba emakhaleni, ezindlebeni, nakwezinye izindawo zobuso.
• Ukwelashwa kwe-Photodynamic: Ukwelashwa usebenzisa ukukhanya kungasetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza ongaphezulu.
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe: kungasetshenziswa uma umdlavuza we-squamous cell usabalalele ezithweni noma kuma-lymph node noma uma umdlavuza ungeke welashwe ngokuhlinzwa.

Unganciphisa ukucindezela kokugula ngokujoyina iqembu lokusekela umdlavuza. Ukwabelana nabanye abanokuhlangenwe nakho okuvamile nezinkinga kungakusiza ungazizwa uwedwa.

Ukuthi umuntu wenza kahle kangakanani kuncike ezintweni eziningi, kufaka phakathi ukuthi umdlavuza watholakala ngokushesha kangakanani, ukutholakala nokuthi unaso yini isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela somzimba esibuthakathaka. Iningi lalawa mdlavuza liyelapheka uma welashwa kusenesikhathi.

Amanye umdlavuza wamangqamuzana angahle abuye. Kukhona nobungozi bokuthi umdlavuza wesikhumba ohlaselayo ungasakazeka nakwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Shayela i-aphoyintimenti nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uma unesifo noma ibala esikhunjeni sakho eliguquka ku:

• Ukubukeka
• Umbala
• Usayizi
• Ukuthungwa

Fonela nomhlinzeki wakho uma indawo iba buhlungu noma ivuvukala noma uma iqala ukopha noma ukunwaya.

I-American Cancer Society incoma ukuthi umhlinzeki ahlole isikhumba sakho minyaka yonke uma umdala kuneminyaka engama-40 futhi njalo eminyakeni emithathu uma uneminyaka engama-20 kuya kwengama-40 ubudala. Uma uke waba nomdlavuza wesikhumba, kufanele uhlolwe njalo ukuze udokotela akwazi ukuhlola isikhumba sakho.

Kufanele futhi uhlole isikhumba sakho kanye ngenyanga. Sebenzisa isibuko sesandla ngezindawo okunzima ukuzibona.Shayela udokotela wakho uma ubona noma yini engavamile.

Indlela engcono yokuvikela umdlavuza wesikhumba ukunciphisa ukuvezwa kwakho yilanga. Sebenzisa i-sunscreen njalo:

• Faka i-sunscreen nge-sun protection factor (SPF) okungenani engama-30, noma ngabe uphumela ngaphandle isikhashana.
• Faka inani elikhulu lesikrini selanga kuzo zonke izindawo eziveziwe, kufaka phakathi izindlebe nezinyawo.
• Bheka isikrini selanga esivimba ukukhanya kwe-UVA ne-UVB.
• Sebenzisa isivikelo selanga esimelana namanzi.
• Faka i-sunscreen okungenani imizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi kokuphuma. Landela imiyalo yephakheji emayelana nokuthi uphinde ufake isicelo kaningi kangakanani. Qiniseka ukuthi uphinde ufake isicelo ngemuva kokubhukuda noma ukujuluka.
• Sebenzisa i-sunscreen ebusika nasezinsukwini ezinamafu, futhi.

Ezinye izinyathelo zokukusiza ukuthi ugweme ukukhanya kwelanga okuningi:

• Ukukhanya kwe-Ultraviolet kukhulu kakhulu phakathi kuka-10 ekuseni no-4 ntambama. Ngakho-ke zama ukugwema ilanga ngalezi zikhathi.
• Vikela isikhumba ngokugqoka izigqoko ezivulekile, amahembe anemikhono emide, iziketi ezinde, noma amabhulukwe. Ungathenga nezingubo ezivikela ilanga.
• Gwema izindawo ezikhanyisa kakhulu, njengamanzi, isihlabathi, ukhonkolo nezindawo ezipendwe mhlophe.
• Ukuphakama kokuphakama, isikhumba sakho siyasha ngokushesha.
• Ungasebenzisi amalambu elanga nemibhede yokushuka (ama-salon). Ukuchitha imizuzu engu-15 kuya kwengu-20 endaweni yokucwala ukhuni kuyingozi njengosuku oluchithwa elangeni.

Isifo somdlavuza - isikhumba - squamous cell; Umdlavuza wesikhumba - iseli eligugile; Umdlavuza wesikhumba we-Nonmelanoma - iseli elihluphayo; I-NMSC - iseli eligugile; Umdlavuza wesikhumba ogcwele squamous; I-squamous cell carcinoma yesikhumba

• Isifo sikaBowen esandleni
• I-Keratoacanthoma
• I-Keratoacanthoma
• Umdlavuza wesikhumba, iseli eligugile - ukusondela
• Umdlavuza wesikhumba - iseli eligcwele ezandleni
• I-squamous cell carcinoma - iyahlasela
• I-Cheilitis - i-actinic
• Umdlavuza we-squamous cell

IHabif TP. Izicubu zesikhumba zangaphambi kwesifo esibi futhi esibi. Ku: Habif TP, ed. I-Clinical Dermatology: Umhlahlandlela Wombala Wokuxilongwa Nokwelapha. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 21.

Iwebhusayithi yeNational Cancer Institute. Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wesikhumba (PDQ®) - Health Professional Version. www.cancer.gov/types/skin/hp/skin-treatment-pdq#section/_222. Kubuyekezwe uDisemba 17, 2019. Kufinyelelwe ngoFebhuwari 24, 2020.

Iwebhusayithi ye-National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Izinkombandlela ze-NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines ku-Oncology (Izinkombandlela ze-NCCN): Umdlavuza wesikhumba wesisekelo se-Basal. Inguqulo 1.2020. www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/nmsc.pdf. Kubuyekezwe u-Okthoba 24, 2019. Kufinyelelwe ngoFebhuwari 24, 2020.

I-US Preventive Services Task Force, ama-Bibbins-Domingo K, uGrossman DC, et al. Ukuhlolwa umdlavuza wesikhumba: Isitatimende sezincomo se-US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2016; 316: (4) 429-435. I-PMID: 27458948 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27458948.