I-Vitiligo

IVitiligo yisimo sesikhumba lapho kukhona ukulahleka kombala (i-pigment) okuvela ezindaweni zesikhumba. Lokhu kuholela ezingubeni ezimhlophe ezingalingani ezingenayo i-pigment, kepha isikhumba sizizwa njengokujwayelekile.

I-Vitiligo yenzeka lapho amaseli omzimba ecekela phansi amaseli enza i-pigment ensundu (ama-melanocytes). Lokhu kubhujiswa kucatshangwa ukuthi kungenxa yenkinga yokuzimela. Isifo sokuzilimaza komzimba senzeka lapho amasosha omzimba, avame ukuvikela umzimba ekuthelelekeni, ahlasele futhi abulale izicubu zomzimba ezinempilo esikhundleni salokho. Imbangela ngqo ye vitiligo ayaziwa.

I-Vitiligo ingavela noma nini. Linyukile izinga lesimo kweminye imindeni.

I-Vitiligo ihlotshaniswa nezinye izifo ezizimele:

• Isifo i-Addison (ukuphazamiseka okwenzeka lapho izindlala ze-adrenal zingakhiqizi amahomoni anele)
• Isifo sendlala yegilo
• I-anemia enamandla (yehla kumaseli abomvu egazi okwenzeka lapho amathumbu engakwazi ukumunca kahle uvithamini B12)
• Isifo sikashukela

Izindawo eziyizicaba zesikhumba esizwela ngokujwayelekile ngaphandle kombala zivela ngokuzumayo noma kancane kancane. Lezi zindawo zinomngcele omnyama. Amaphethelo achazwe kahle, kepha angajwayelekile.

I-Vitiligo ivame ukuthinta ubuso, izindololwane namadolo, emuva kwezandla nezinyawo, nezitho zangasese. Ithinta izinhlangothi zombili zomzimba ngokulinganayo.

IVitiligo ibonakala kakhulu kubantu abanesikhumba esimnyama ngenxa yokungafani kwamachashazi amhlophe aqhamuka esikhunjeni esimnyama.

Azikho ezinye izinguquko zesikhumba ezenzekayo.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angahlola isikhumba sakho ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.

Kwesinye isikhathi, umhlinzeki usebenzisa isibani sokhuni. Lokhu ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet okuphathwa ngesandla okwenza izindawo zesikhumba ezine-pigment encane zikhanye okumhlophe ngokugqamile.

Kwezinye izimo, i-biopsy yesikhumba ingadingeka ukuze kukhishwe ezinye izimbangela zokulahleka kwe-pigment. Umhlinzeki wakho angenza nokuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola amazinga we-thyroid noma amanye ama-hormone, izinga le-glucose, ne-vitamin B12 ukukhipha ezinye izinkinga ezihambisanayo.

I-Vitiligo kunzima ukuyelapha. Izinketho zokwelashwa kusenesikhathi zifaka okulandelayo:

• I-Phototherapy, inqubo yezokwelapha lapho isikhumba sakho sivezwa ngokucophelela kumanani alinganiselwe wokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet. I-Phototherapy inganikezwa yodwa, noma ngemuva kokuthatha umuthi owenza isikhumba sakho sizwele ekukhanyeni. Udokotela wesikhumba wenza lokhu kwelashwa.
• Ama-lasers athile angasiza ekulungisweni kwesikhumba kabusha.
• Imithi esetshenziswa esikhunjeni, njengokhilimu noma ama-ointments e-corticosteroid, okhilimu be-immunosuppressant noma amafutha okugcoba afana ne-pimecrolimus (Elidel) kanye ne-tacrolimus (Protopic), noma izidakamizwa ezingundabamlonyeni ezifana ne-methoxsalen (i-Oxsoralen) nazo zingasiza.

Isikhumba singasuswa (sixhunyelelwe) ezindaweni ezijwayelekile ezinombala bese sibekwa ezindaweni lapho kulahleka khona i-pigment.

Izimonyo eziningi zokumboza noma odayi besikhumba bangasifihla i-vitiligo. Buza umhlinzeki wakho amagama ale mikhiqizo.

Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu lapho iningi lomzimba lithintekile, isikhumba esisele esine-pigment singakhishwa, noma sifakwe i-bleached. Lolu ushintsho lwaphakade olusetshenziswa njengenketho yokugcina.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi isikhumba ngaphandle kombala sisengozini enkulu yokulimala kwelanga. Qiniseka ukuthi usebenzisa i-wide-spectrum (i-UVA ne-UVB), i-sunscreen ephezulu noma isivikelo selanga. Isikrini selanga singasiza futhi ekwenzeni isimo singabonakali kangako, ngoba isikhumba esingathintekile kungenzeka singabi mnyama elangeni. Sebenzisa ezinye izindlela zokuzivikela elangeni, njengokugqoka isigqoko esinomphetho obanzi nehembe elinemikhono emide namabhulukwe.

Imininingwane engaphezulu nokusekelwa kwabantu abanesimo se-vitiligo nemindeni yabo kungatholakala ku:

• IVitiligo Support International - vitiligosupport.org

Inkambo ye-vitiligo iyahluka futhi ayilindelekile. Ezinye izindawo zingaphinde zithole i-pigment ejwayelekile (ukufaka umbala), kepha ezinye izindawo ezintsha zokulahleka kwe-pigment zingavela. Isikhumba esenziwe kabusha singakhanya kancane noma sibe mnyama kunesikhumba esiseduze. Ukulahleka kwe-pigment kungahle kube kubi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Shayela i-aphoyintimenti nomhlinzeki wakho uma izindawo zesikhumba sakho zilahlekelwa umbala wazo ngaphandle kwesizathu (ngokwesibonelo, bekungekho ukulimala esikhunjeni).

Isifo sokuzilimaza - i-vitiligo

• I-Vitiligo
• I-Vitiligo - isidakamizwa esenziwe
• I-Vitiligo ebusweni
• IVitiligo ngemuva nasengalweni

I-Dinulos JGH. Izifo ezihlobene nokukhanya kanye nokuphazamiseka kombala. Ku: I-Dinulos JGH, ed. IHabif's Clinical Dermatology. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 19.

Umdlulisi T, Ortonne JP. I-Vitiligo nezinye izifo ze-hypopigmentation. Ku: Bolognia JL, Schaffer JV, Cerroni L, ama-eds. Isikhumba. Umhla wesi-4. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 66.

IPatterson JW. Ukuphazamiseka kombala. Ku: Patterson JW, ed. I-Weedon's Skin Pathology. Umhlaka 5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 11.