Amaswazi

I-Shingles (i-herpes zoster) ukuqubuka kwesikhumba okubuhlungu, nokushwabana. Kubangelwa igciwane le-varicella-zoster, ilungu lomndeni wamagciwane i-herpes. Leli yigciwane futhi elibanga ingxibongo.

Ngemuva kokuthola ingxibongo, umzimba wakho awulikhiphi igciwane. Esikhundleni salokho, igciwane lihlala emzimbeni kepha alisebenzi (libalele) emithanjeni ethile emzimbeni. Ama-shingles avela ngemuva kokuba igciwane liphinde lisebenze futhi kulezi zinzwa ngemuva kweminyaka eminingi. Abantu abaningi babenecala elincane kangako lezinkukhu kangangokuba abazi ukuthi banesifo.

Isizathu sokuthi igciwane liphinde lisebenze ngokuzumayo asicaci. Imvamisa kuba nokuhlaselwa okukodwa kuphela.

Ama-shingles angakhula kunoma yiliphi iqembu leminyaka. Kungenzeka ukuthi usithuthukise lesi simo uma:

• Umdala kuneminyaka yobudala engama-60
• Ube nengxibongo ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala engu-1
• Amasosha akho omzimba abuthaka ngenxa yemithi noma izifo

Uma umuntu omdala noma ingane ethintana ngqo ne-shingles rash futhi engenayo i-chickenpox esemncane noma ethola umuthi wokugomela inkukhu, angaba nenkukhu, hhayi ama-shingles.

Uphawu lokuqala imvamisa ubuhlungu, ukushoshozela, noma ukushisa okwenzeka ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba. Ubuhlungu nokushisa kungaba kubi kakhulu futhi kuvame ukuba khona ngaphambi kokuvela kokuqubuka.

Amachashazi abomvu esikhunjeni, alandelwa ngamabhulethi amancane, akhiwa kubantu abaningi:

• Amabhamuza ayaphuka, akhe izilonda ezincane eziqala ukoma bese zakha uqweqwe. Ama-crust awela emavikini amabili kuya kwamathathu. Ukuqubuka akuvamile.
• Ukuqhuma kuvame ukufaka indawo encane kusuka emgogodleni nxazonke kuya phambili kwesisu noma isifuba.
• Ukuqhuma kungabandakanya ubuso, amehlo, umlomo nezindlebe.

Ezinye izimpawu zingafaka:

• Umkhuhlane namakhaza
• Ukuzizwa okuvamile
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• Ubuhlungu obuhlangene
• Izindlala ezivuvukile (ama-lymph node)

Ungase futhi ube nobuhlungu, ubuthakathaka bemisipha, nokuqubuka okubandakanya izingxenye ezahlukahlukene zobuso bakho uma ama-shingles ethinta inzwa ebusweni bakho. Izimpawu zingafaka:

• Kunzima ukuhambisa eminye yemisipha ebusweni
• Ijwabu leso elinciphisayo (ptosis)
• Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa
• Ukulahleka kokunyakaza kwamehlo
• Izinkinga zokunambitha
• Izinkinga zombono

Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo angenza ukuxilongwa ngokubheka isikhumba sakho bese ebuza ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha.

Izivivinyo azidingeki kangako, kepha zingabandakanya ukuthatha isampula lesikhumba ukubona ukuthi isikhumba sinalo yini igciwane.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungakhombisa ukwanda kwamaseli amhlophe egazi kanye nama-antibodies egciwane lengungumbane. Kepha izivivinyo azikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuqubuka kungenxa yamashingles.

Umhlinzeki wakho angakunikeza umuthi olwa negciwane, obizwa ngokuthi umuthi olwa namagciwane. Lesi sidakamizwa sisiza ukunciphisa izinhlungu, ukuvimbela izinkinga, nokunciphisa ukuhamba kwesifo.

Imithi isebenza kahle kakhulu uma iqala kungakapheli amahora angama-72 lapho uqala ukuzwa ubuhlungu noma ukushiswa. Kungcono ukuqala ukuwathatha ngaphambi kokuvela kwamabhulethi. Imithi ivame ukunikezwa ifomu lephilisi. Abanye abantu bangadinga ukuthola umuthi ngomthambo (ngo-IV).

Imithi enamandla yokulwa nokuvuvukala ebizwa nge-corticosteroids, efana ne-prednisone, ingasetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala nobuhlungu.Le mithi ayisebenzi kubo bonke abantu.

Eminye imithi ingafaka:

• Ama-antihistamine okunciphisa ukulunywa (kuthathwe ngomlomo noma kusetshenziswe esikhumbeni)
• Imithi yezinhlungu
• I-Zostrix, ukhilimu oqukethe i-capsaicin (okukhishwe upelepele) ukunciphisa izinhlungu

Landela imiyalo yomhlinzeki wakho mayelana nokuthi ungazinakekela kanjani ekhaya.

Ezinye izinyathelo zingafaka:

• Ukunakekela isikhumba sakho ngokusebenzisa ukucindezela okupholile, okumanzi ukunciphisa ubuhlungu, nokugeza okuqabulayo
• Ukuphumula embhedeni kuze kufike umkhuhlane

Hlala kude nabantu ngenkathi izilonda zakho ziphuma ukuze ugweme ukutheleleka labo abangakaze babe nenkukhu - ikakhulukazi abesifazane abakhulelwe.

I-Herpes zoster ivame ukusula emavikini amabili kuya kwamathathu futhi ayivamile ukubuya. Uma igciwane lithinta izinzwa ezilawula ukunyakaza (izinzwa zemoto), ungaba nobuthakathaka besikhashana noma baphakade noma ukukhubazeka.

Kwesinye isikhathi ubuhlungu bendawo lapho kwenzeke khona ama-shingles bungahlala izinyanga nezinyanga. Lobu buhlungu bubizwa nge-postherpetic neuralgia.

Kwenzeka lapho izinzwa sezonakele ngemuva kokuqubuka kwama-shingles. Izinhlungu zivela emnene ziye kokubi kakhulu. I-postherpetic neuralgia kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi yenzeke kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-60.

Izinkinga zingafaka:

• Okunye ukuhlaselwa kwamashingles
• Ukutheleleka kwesikhumba segciwane
• Ubumpumputhe (uma ama-shingles evela esweni)
• Izithulu
• Ukutheleleka, kufaka phakathi i-encephalitis ye-sepsis (ukutheleleka kwegazi) kubantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka
• I-Ramsay Hunt syndrome uma ama-shingles ethinta izinzwa zobuso noma zendlebe

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma unezimpawu ze-shingles, ikakhulukazi uma unesifo somzimba sokuzivikela ezifile noma uma izimpawu zakho ziqhubeka noma ziba zimbi. Ama-shingles athinta iso angaholela ekuphuphuthekisweni unomphela uma ungatholi ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo.

Ungathinti ukuqubuka namabhamuza kubantu abane-shingles noma i-chickenpox uma ungakaze ube ne-chickenpox noma umuthi wokugoma wenkukhu.

Imishanguzo emibili ye-shingles iyatholakala umuthi wokugoma obukhoma kanye nowokuhlanganisa kabusha. Umuthi wokugomela ushingas uhlukile kunomuthi wokugomela inkukhu. Abantu abadala asebekhulile abathola umuthi wokugomela i-shingles mancane amathuba okuthi babe nezinkinga ezivela kulesi simo.

I-Herpes zoster - izinsimbi

• I-Herpes zoster (shingles) ngemuva
• Isikhumba sabantu abadala
• Amaswazi
• I-Herpes zoster (shingles) - ukuvala isilonda
• I-Herpes zoster (amasongo) entanyeni nasesihlathini
• I-Herpes zoster (amasongo) esandleni
• Kusatshalaliswa i-Herpes zoster (shingles)

I-Dinulos JGH. Izinsumpa, i-herpes simplex, nezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Ku: I-Dinulos JGH, ed. Ukwelashwa Kwemithi Yezokwelapha. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 12.

UWhitley RJ. I-chickenpox ne-herpes zoster (igciwane le-varicella-zoster). Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 136.