I-cataract yabantu abadala

I-cataract ukusibekela kwelensi yeso.

Ilensi yeso ngokuvamile icacile. Sisebenza njengelensi yekhamera, sigxile ekukhanyeni njengoba sidlulela emuva esweni.

Kuze kube yilapho umuntu eseneminyaka yobudala engama-45, ukuma kwelensi kukwazi ukushintsha. Lokhu kuvumela ilensi ukuthi igxile entweni, noma ngabe iseduze noma ikude.

Lapho umuntu eguga, amaprotheni akulensi aqala ukonakala. Ngenxa yalokho, i-lens iba namafu. Lokho iso elikubonayo kungabonakala kufiphele. Lesi simo saziwa njenge-cataract.

Izici ezingasheshisa ukwakheka kwe-cataract yilezi:

• Isifo sikashukela
• Ukuvuvukala kwamehlo
• Ukulimala kweso
• Umlando womndeni we-cataract
• Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwama-corticosteroids (athathwe ngomlomo) noma eminye imithi ethile
• Ukuvezwa kwemisebe
• Ukubhema
• Ukuhlinzwa kwenye inkinga yamehlo
• Ukuvezwa okuningi ekukhanyeni kwe-ultraviolet (ilanga)

I-cataract ikhula kancane futhi ngaphandle kobuhlungu. Ukubona esweni elithintekile kuya ngokuya kuba kubi.

• Ukugqwala okuncane kwelensi kuvame ukuvela ngemuva kweminyaka yobudala engama-60. Kepha kungahle kungadale izinkinga zamehlo.
• Lapho uneminyaka engama-75, iningi labantu selinamahloni athinta umbono wabo.

Izinkinga ngokubona zingafaka:

• Ukuzwela ekukhanyeni
• Kunamafu, kufiphele, kunenkungu, noma umbono we-filmy
• Kunzima ukubona ebusuku noma ekukhanyeni okuncane
• Umbono ophindwe kabili
• Ukulahleka kokuqina kombala
• Izinkinga zokubona ubujamo obuqhathaniswa nesizinda noma umehluko phakathi kwemibala yemibala
• Ukubona ama-halos azungeze amalambu
• Izinguquko ezenzeka njalo emibhalweni ye-eyeglass

I-cataract iholela ekunciphiseni kombono, ngisho nasemini. Iningi labantu abane-cataract banezinguquko ezifanayo emehlweni womabili, yize iso elilodwa lingaba libi kakhulu kunelinye. Imvamisa kuba nezinguquko zombono ezimnene kuphela.

Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okujwayelekile nokuhlolwa kwesibani esisikiwe kusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga amehlo. Olunye uvivinyo aludingeki kakhulu, ngaphandle kokukhipha ezinye izimbangela zokungaboni kahle.

Nge-cataract yokuqala, udokotela wamehlo (ophthalmologist) angancoma okulandelayo:

• Shintsha kumuthi we-eyeglass
• Ukukhanyisa okungcono
• Amalensi akhulisayo
• Izibuko zelanga

Njengoba umbono uba mubi kakhulu, kungadingeka ukuthi wenze izinguquko ekhaya ukugwema ukuwa nokulimala.

Ukuphela kokwelapha i-cataract ukuhlinzwa ukuyikhipha. Uma i-cataract ingenzi kube nzima kuwe ukubona, ukuhlinzeka imvamisa akudingeki. I-cataract ngokuvamile ayilimazi iso, ngakho-ke ungathola ukuhlinzwa lapho wena nodokotela wakho wamehlo nibona ukuthi kulungile. Ukuhlinzwa kuvame ukunconywa lapho ungakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ejwayelekile njengokushayela, ukufunda, noma ukubheka izikrini zekhompyutha noma zevidiyo, ngisho nezibuko.

Abanye abantu bangaba nezinye izinkinga zamehlo, njenge-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela, ezingenakulashwa ngaphandle kokuqala kokuhlinzwa nge-cataract.

Umbono kungenzeka ungathuthukeli ku-20/20 ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kwe-cataract uma ezinye izifo zamehlo, njengokuwohloka kwe-macular, zikhona. Udokotela wamehlo anganquma lokhu kusengaphambili.

Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa okunesikhathi esifanele kungukhiye ekuvimbeleni izinkinga zombono zaphakade.

Yize kungavamile, i-cataract eqhubekela esigabeni esithuthukile (esibizwa nge-hypermature cataract) ingaqala ukuvuza kwezinye izingxenye zeso. Lokhu kungadala uhlobo olubuhlungu lwe-glaucoma nokuvuvukala ngaphakathi kweso.

Shayela i-aphoyintimenti nochwepheshe wakho wokunakekelwa kweso uma une:

• Ukwehla kombono ebusuku
• Izinkinga ngokubenyezela
• Ukulahleka kombono

Ukuvimbela okuhle kakhulu kubandakanya ukulawula izifo ezandisa ubungozi ku-cataract. Ukugwema ukuvezwa ezintweni ezithuthukisa ukwakheka kwe-cataract nakho kungasiza. Isibonelo, uma ubhema, manje isikhathi sokuyeka. Futhi, uma ungaphandle, gqoka izibuko zelanga ukuvikela amehlo akho emisebeni ye-UV eyingozi.

Ukukhanya kwelensi; I-cataract ehlobene nobudala; Ukulahleka kombono - i-cataract

• I-cataract - yini ongayibuza udokotela wakho

• Iso
• Ukuhlolwa kwesibani
• I-Cataract - ukuvala iso
• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-cataract - uchungechunge

Iwebhusayithi yeAmerican Academy of Ophthalmology. Amaphethini Wokwenza Okuncanyelwayo we-Cataract ne-Anterior Segment Panel, Isikhungo seHoskins Sokunakekelwa Kwamehlo Okusezingeni Elifanele. I-cataract esweni lomuntu omdala i-PPP - 2016. www.aao.org/preferred-practice-pattern/cataract-in-adult-eye-ppp-2016. Kubuyekezwe u-Okthoba 2016. Kufinyelelwe kuSepthemba 4, 2019.

Iwebhusayithi ye-National Eye Institute. Amaqiniso ngamakhathakhatha. www.nei.nih.gov/health/cataract/cataract_facts. Kubuyekezwe uSepthemba 2015. Kufinyelelwe kuSepthemba 4, 2019.

I-Wevill M. Epidemiology, i-pathophysiology, izimbangela, i-morphology, nemiphumela yokubuka kwe-cataract. Ku: Yanoff M, Duker JS, ama-eds. I-Ophthalmology. Umhlaka 5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 5.3.