Umdlavuza womlomo

Umdlavuza womlomo umdlavuza oqala emlonyeni.

Umdlavuza womlomo uvame ukufaka izindebe noma ulimi. Kungenzeka futhi ku:

• Ulwelwesi lwesizi
• Iphansi lomlomo
• Izinsini (gingiva)
• Uphahla lomlomo (ulwanga)

Iningi lomdlavuza womlomo luhlobo olubizwa nge-squamous cell carcinoma. Le mdlavuza ivame ukusabalala ngokushesha.

Ukubhema nokunye ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi kuhlotshaniswa nezimo eziningi zomdlavuza womlomo. Ukuphuza ngokweqile nakho kwandisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza womlomo.

Ukutheleleka nge-human papillomavirus (HPV) (igciwane elifanayo elibanga izinsumpa zangasese) kubalwa inani elikhulu lomdlavuza womlomo kunangaphambili. Uhlobo olulodwa lwe-HPV, uhlobo lwe-16 noma i-HPV-16, luvame kakhulu ukuhlotshaniswa cishe nawo wonke umdlavuza womlomo.

Ezinye izinto ezingakhuphula ingozi yomdlavuza womlomo zifaka:

• Ukuhlikihla isikhathi eside (okungapheli), njengamazinyo amabi, amazinyo okufakelwa noma ukugcwaliswa
• Ukuthatha imithi (ama-immunosuppressants) enza buthakathaka amasosha omzimba
• Inhlanzeko yamazinyo neyomlomo engafanele

Eminye imidlavuza yomlomo iqala njengopende olumhlophe (i-leukoplakia) noma njengesilonda somlomo.

Abesilisa baba nomdlavuza womlomo ngokuphindwe kabili kunabesifazane. Kuvame kakhulu emadodeni amadala kunama-40.

Umdlavuza womlomo ungavela njengesigaxa noma isilonda emlonyeni esingaba:

• Umfantu ojulile, onqenqemeni oluqinile ezicutshini
• Iphaphathekile, ibomvu ngokumnyama, noma ibala
• Olimini, endebeni, noma kwenye indawo yomlomo
• Akubuhlungu ekuqaleni, bese kuba nomuzwa ovuthayo noma ubuhlungu lapho isimila sesithuthuke kakhulu

Ezinye izimpawu zingafaka:

• Izinkinga zokuhlafuna
• Izilonda zomlomo ezingopha
• Ubuhlungu ngokugwinya
• Ubunzima bokukhuluma
• Ukugwinya ubunzima
• I-lymph nodes evuvukile entanyeni
• Izinkinga zolimi
• Ukwehla kwesisindo
• Kunzima ukuvula umlomo
• Ukuba ndikindiki nokuxegiswa kwamazinyo
• Ukuphefumula kabi

Udokotela wakho noma udokotela wamazinyo uzohlola indawo yakho yomlomo. Ukuhlolwa kungakhombisa:

• Isilonda esidebeni, olimini, esinsinini, ezihlathini, noma kwenye indawo yomlomo
• Isilonda noma ukopha

Ukuhlolwa kwesilonda noma isilonda kuzokwenziwa. Lesi sicubu sizohlolwa ne-HPV.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-CT, MRI ne-PET kungenziwa ukuthola ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekile yini.

Kunconywa ukuhlinza ukukhipha isimila uma isimila sincane ngokwanele.

Uma isimila sesisabalalele ezicutshini eziningi noma kuma-lymph node aseduze, kwenziwa ukuhlinzwa okukhudlwana. Inani lezicubu kanye nenombolo yama-lymph node asusiwe kuncike ekutheni umdlavuza usabalale kangakanani.

Ukuhlinzwa kungasetshenziswa kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali ngamathumba amakhulu.

Ngokuya ngohlobo lonyango oludingayo, izindlela zokwelashwa ezingasetshenziswa ezingadingeka zingafaka:

• Ukwelashwa kwenkulumo.
• Ukwelashwa ukusiza ngokuhlafuna, ukugwinya.
• Ukufunda ukudla amaprotheni anele namakhalori ukugcina isisindo sakho sikhuphukile. Buza umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo mayelana nezithako zokudla ezingamanzi ezingakusiza.
• Siza ngomlomo owomile.

Unganciphisa ukucindezela kokugula ngokujoyina iqembu lokusekela umdlavuza. Ukwabelana nabanye abanokuhlangenwe nakho okuvamile nezinkinga kungakusiza ungazizwa uwedwa.

Cishe uhhafu wabantu abanomdlavuza womlomo bazophila eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-5 ngemuva kokutholakala nokwelashwa kwabo. Uma umdlavuza utholakala kusenesikhathi, ngaphambi kokuba usabalalele kwezinye izicubu, izinga lokwelashwa licishe libe ngama-90%. Ingaphezulu kwengxenye yomdlavuza womlomo usabalale lapho kutholakala umdlavuza. Iningi lisakaze emqaleni noma entanyeni.

Kungenzeka, kepha hhayi ukufakazelwa ngokuphelele, ukuthi umdlavuza ohlola ukuthi une-HPV ungaba nombono ongcono. Futhi, labo ababhemayo iminyaka engaphansi kwengu-10 bangenza kangcono.

Abantu abadinga imithamo emikhulu yemisebe kanye ne-chemotherapy kungenzeka babe nezinkinga ezinzima ngokugwinya.

Umdlavuza womlomo ungabuya uma ugwayi noma ukusetshenziswa kotshwala kunganqandwa.

Izinkinga zomdlavuza womlomo zingafaka:

• Izinkinga zokwelashwa ngemisebe, kufaka phakathi umlomo owomile nobunzima bokugwinya
• Ukukhubazeka kobuso, ikhanda, nentamo ngemuva kokuhlinzwa
• Okunye ukusabalala (imastastasis) yomdlavuza

Umdlavuza womlomo ungatholwa lapho udokotela wamazinyo enza ukuhlanza nokuhlola okujwayelekile.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma unesilonda emlonyeni noma emlonyeni wakho noma enesigaxa entanyeni esingapheli kungakapheli inyanga eyodwa. Ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa komdlavuza womlomo kusenesikhathi kwandisa kakhulu amathuba okusinda.

Umdlavuza womlomo ungavinjelwa ngu:

• Ukugwema ukubhema noma okunye ukusetshenziswa kogwayi
• Ukuba nezinkinga zamazinyo kulungisiwe
• Ukunciphisa noma ukugwema ukusetshenziswa kotshwala
• Ukuvakashela udokotela wamazinyo njalo nokwenza inhlanzeko yomlomo enhle

Imishanguzo ye-HPV enconyelwe izingane kanye nabantu abadala ikhomba izinhlobo ezingaphansi ze-HPV ezingadala umdlavuza womlomo. Kukhonjisiwe ukuthi kuvikela ukutheleleka okuningi kwe-HPV yomlomo. Akukacaci okwamanje ukuthi nabo bayakwazi yini ukuvimbela umdlavuza womlomo.

Umdlavuza - umlomo; Umdlavuza womlomo; Umdlavuza wekhanda nentamo - ngomlomo; Umdlavuza weseli squamous - umlomo; I-neoplasm ebulalayo - ngomlomo; Umdlavuza we-Oropharyngeal - HPV; I-Carcinoma - umlomo

• Umlomo owomile ngesikhathi sokwelashwa komdlavuza
• Imisebe yomlomo nentamo - ukukhipha
• Izinkinga zokugwinya

• Ukwakheka komphimbo
• I-anatomy yomlomo

UFakhry C, uGourin CG. I-human papillomavirus kanye ne-epidemiology yomdlavuza wekhanda nentamo. Ku: Flint PW, Haughey BH, Lund V, et al, ama-eds. I-Cummings Otolaryngology: Ukuhlinzwa Kwekhanda Nentamo. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: isahluko 75.

UJW omncane, uMiller CS, uRhodus NL. Umdlavuza nokunakekelwa ngomlomo kweziguli ezinomdlavuza. Ku: Little JW, Miller CS, Rhodus NL, ama-eds. Ukuphathwa Kwamazinyo Okuncane kanye noFalace Kwesiguli Esinezifo Zezempilo. Umhlaka 9. ISt Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 26.

Iwebhusayithi yeNational Cancer Institute. Ukwelashwa komdlavuza we-Oropharyngeal (omdala) (PDQ) - inguqulo yezempilo. www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/hp/adult/oropharyngeal-treatment-pdq#link/_528. Kubuyekezwe ngoJanuwari 27, 2020. Kufinyelelwe ngoMashi 31, 2020.

I-Wein RO, i-Weber RS. Ama-neoplasms amabi womlomo womlomo. Ku: Flint PW, Haughey BH, Lund V, et al, ama-eds. I-Cummings Otolaryngology: Ukuhlinzwa Kwekhanda Nentamo. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: isahluko 93.