Isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso

Isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso (CHD) siyinkinga ngesakhiwo senhliziyo nomsebenzi okhona lapho kuzalwa.

I-CHD ingachaza izinkinga eziningi ezahlukahlukene ezithinta inhliziyo. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokukhubazeka kokuzalwa. I-CHD ibangela ukufa okuningi ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila kunanoma yiziphi ezinye izinkinga zokuzalwa.

I-CHD ivame ukuhlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: i-cyanotic (umbala wesikhumba oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka obangelwa ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo) kanye ne-non-cyanotic. Uhlu olulandelayo lumboza ama-CHD ajwayelekile kakhulu:

I-Cyanotic:

• I-Ebstein anomaly
• Inhliziyo yesobunxele ye-Hypoplastic
• I-atresia yamaphaphu
• I-Tetralogy of Fallot
• Inani eliphelele lokubuya kwe-pulmonary venous
• Ukuguqulwa kwemikhumbi emikhulu
• I-Tricuspid atresia
• I-Truncus arteriosus

Okungeyona i-cyanotic:

• I-aortic stenosis
• I-bicuspid aortic valve
• I-Atrial septal defect (ASD)
• Umsele we-Atrioventricular (i-endocardial cushion defect)
• Ukuhlangana kwe-aorta
• I-Patent ductus arteriosus (i-PDA)
• I-pulmonic stenosis
• Isici se-Ventricular septal (VSD)

Lezi zinkinga zingavela zodwa noma zihlangane. Iningi lezingane ezine-CHD azinazo ezinye izinhlobo zokukhubazeka kokuzalwa. Kodwa-ke, ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo kungaba yingxenye yama-syndromes wofuzo kanye ne-chromosomal syndromes. Amanye ala ma-syndromes angadluliselwa emindenini.

Izibonelo zifaka:

• I-DiGeorge syndrome
• I-Down syndrome
• Isifo seMarfan
• I-Noonan syndrome
• Edwards syndrome
• I-Trisomy 13
• I-Turner syndrome

Imvamisa, asikho isizathu sesifo senhliziyo esingatholwa. Ama-CHD aqhubeka nokuphenywa futhi acwaningwe. Izidakamizwa ezifana ne-retinoic acid yezinduna, amakhemikhali, utshwala, kanye nezifo (njenge-rubella) ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungasiza ezinkingeni ezithile zenhliziyo yokuzalwa.

Ishukela egazini elilawulwa kabi kwabesifazane abanesifo sikashukela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nalo lixhunyaniswe nezinga eliphakeme lokukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okuzalwa.

Izimpawu zincike esimweni. Yize i-CHD ikhona ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, izimpawu kungenzeka zingaveli ngokushesha.

Amaphutha anjengokuhlangana kwe-aorta kungenzeka kungadali izinkinga iminyaka. Ezinye izinkinga, njenge-VSD encane, i-ASD, noma i-PDA kungenzeka zingaze zidale izinkinga.

Iningi lokukhubazeka kwenhliziyo lokuzalwa litholakala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwe-ultrasound. Lapho kutholakala iphutha, udokotela wenhliziyo yezingane, udokotela ohlinzayo nabanye ochwepheshe bangaba khona lapho umntwana ebeletha. Ukulungiselela ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha lapho kubeletha kungasho umehluko phakathi kokuphila nokufa kwezinye izingane.

Yikuphi ukuhlolwa okwenziwa enganeni kuncike ekukhubazekeni nasezimpawu zayo.

Yikuphi ukwelashwa okusetshenziswayo, nokuthi ingane isabela kahle kanjani kuyo, kuya ngesimo. Amaphutha amaningi adinga ukulandelwa ngokucophelela. Abanye bazolulama ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kanti abanye bazodinga ukwelashwa.

Amanye ama-CHD angelashwa ngomuthi kuphela. Abanye badinga ukuphathwa ngenqubo eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yenhliziyo noma ngokuhlinzwa.

Abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele bathole ukunakekelwa okuhle ngaphambi kokubeletha:

• Gwema utshwala nezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
• Tshela umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuthi ukhulelwe ngaphambi kokuthatha noma yimiphi imithi emisha.
• Yenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa kwakho ukuze ubone ukuthi uvikelekile yini ku-rubella. Uma ungavikelekile, gwema noma yikuphi ukuvezwa okungenzeka ku-rubella bese ugonywa ngemuva nje kokubeletha.
• Abesifazane abakhulelwe abanesifo sikashukela kufanele bazame ukulawula kahle izinga labo likashukela egazini.

Izinhlobo ezithile zofuzo zingadlala indima ku-CHD. Amalungu amaningi omndeni angathinteka. Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho mayelana nokwelulekwa ngokofuzo nokuhlolwa uma unomlando womndeni we-CHD.

• Inhliziyo - isigaba phakathi nendawo
• Inhliziyo - ukubuka kwangaphambili
• I-Ultrasound, umbungu ovamile - ukushaya kwenhliziyo
• I-Ultrasound, i-ventricular septal defect - ukushaya kwenhliziyo
• I-Patent ductus arteriosis (PDA) - uchungechunge

I-Fraser CD, uKane LC. Isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso. Ku: Townsend CM Jr, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, eds. ISabiston Incwadi Yokuhlinzwa: Isisekelo Sebhayoloji Sokuzijwayeza Kwamanje Kokuhlinzwa. Umhla ka-20. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: isahluko 58.

I-Webb GD, iSmallhorn JF, uTherrien J, uRedington AN. Isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso esigulini esidala nesingane. Ku: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, ama-eds. Isifo Senhliziyo SikaBraunwald: Incwadi Yemithi Yezinhliziyo Nemithambo. Umhla ka-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 75.