Izinga eliphakeme le-potassium

Izinga eliphakeme le-potassium liyinkinga lapho inani le-potassium egazini liphakeme kunokujwayelekile. Igama lezokwelapha lalesi simo yi-hyperkalemia.

I-potassium iyadingeka ukuze amaseli asebenze kahle. Uthola i-potassium ngokudla. Izinso zisusa i-potassium eyeqile ngomchamo ukugcina ibhalansi efanelekile yale minerali emzimbeni.

Uma izinso zakho zingasebenzi kahle, kungenzeka zingakwazi ukususa inani elifanele le-potassium. Ngenxa yalokho, i-potassium ingakha egazini. Lokhu kwakha kungabangelwa futhi:

• Isifo i-Addison - Isifo lapho izindlala ze-adrenal zingenzi ama-hormone anele, zinciphisa amandla ezinso okususa i-potassium emzimbeni
• Kusha ezindaweni ezinkulu zomzimba
• Imithi ethile yokwehlisa umfutho wegazi, imvamisa i-angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors kanye ne-angiotensin receptor blockers
• Ukulimala kwemisipha namanye amangqamuzana avela ezidakamizweni ezithile zasemgwaqweni, ukusetshenziswa kabi kotshwala, ukuquleka okungalashwa
• Ukuphazamiseka okwenza ukuthi amaseli egazi aqhume (i-hemolytic anemia)
• Ukopha kakhulu esiswini noma emathunjini
• Ukuthatha i-potassium eyengeziwe, njengokufaka usawoti noma izithasiselo
• Izimila

Ngokuvamile azikho izimpawu ezinesilinganiso esiphakeme se-potassium. Lapho izimpawu zenzeka, zingabandakanya:

• Isicanucanu noma ukuhlanza
• Kunzima ukuphefumula
  
• Ukushaya kancane, okubuthakathaka, noma okungajwayelekile
• Ubuhlungu besifuba
  
• Ukushaya kancane
  
• Ukuwa okungazelelwe, lapho ukushaya kwenhliziyo kuhamba kancane noma kume

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba abuze ngezimpawu zakho.

Izivivinyo ezinga-odwa zifaka:

• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• Izinga le-potassium yegazi

Umhlinzeki wakho uzohlola izinga lakho le-potassium yegazi futhi ahlole igazi lezinso njalo uma:

• Unikezwe i-potassium eyengeziwe
• Yiba nesifo sezinso sesikhathi eside (esingapheli)
• Thatha imithi yokwelapha isifo senhliziyo noma umfutho wegazi ophezulu
• Sebenzisa okufakwa esikhundleni sikasawoti

Uzodinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo uma izinga lakho le-potassium liphakeme kakhulu, noma uma unezimpawu eziyingozi, ezifana nezinguquko ku-ECG yakho.

Ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo kungafaka:

• I-calcium enikezwe emithanjeni yakho (IV) ukwelapha imiphumela yemisipha nenhliziyo yamazinga aphezulu e-potassium
• I-glucose ne-insulin enikezwa emithanjeni yakho (IV) ukusiza ukwehlisa amazinga e-potassium isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukulungisa imbangela
• I-dialysis yezinso uma umsebenzi wakho wezinso uphansi
• Imithi esiza ukususa i-potassium emathunjini ngaphambi kokuba imuncwe
• I-sodium bicarbonate uma inkinga idalwa yi-acidosis
• Amanye amaphilisi amanzi (isisu) akhuphula ukukhishwa kwe-potassium ngezinso zakho

Izinguquko ekudleni kwakho zingasiza kokubili ukuvimbela nokwelapha amazinga aphezulu e-potassium. Ungacelwa ukuthi:

• Beka umkhawulo noma ugweme isilimo esinengono emnandi edliwayo, ukwatapheya, amazambane, utamatisi noma utamatisi, isikwashi sasebusika, ithanga nesipinashi esiphekiwe
• Beka umkhawulo noma uvikele amawolintshi nejusi lewolintshi, ama-nectarines, i-kiwifruit, omisiwe, noma ezinye izithelo ezomisiwe, ubhanana, i-cantaloupe, i-honeydew, i-prunes, ne-nectarines
• Nciphisa noma ugweme ukuthatha okunye okufaka usawoti uma ucelwa ukuthi ulandele ukudla okunosawoti omncane

Umhlinzeki wakho angenza ushintsho olulandelayo emithini yakho:

• Nciphisa noma misa izithasiselo ze-potassium
• Misa noma shintsha imithamo yemithi oyiphuzayo, njengaleyo yesifo senhliziyo nomfutho wegazi ophezulu
• Thatha uhlobo oluthile lwephilisi lamanzi ukunciphisa amazinga e-potassium nawoketshezi uma unokuhluleka kwezinso okungamahlalakhona

Landela izinkomba zomhlinzeki wakho lapho uthatha imithi yakho:

• UNGAYEKI noma uqale ukuthatha imithi ngaphandle kokuqala ukhulume nomhlinzeki wakho
• Thatha imithi yakho ngesikhathi
• Tshela umhlinzeki wakho nganoma yimiphi eminye imithi, amavithamini, noma izithako ozithathayo

Uma imbangela yaziwa, njenge-potassium eningi ekudleni, umbono uba muhle uma inkinga isilungisiwe. Ezimweni ezinzima noma lezo ezinezici eziqhubekayo zobungozi, i-potassium ephezulu kungenzeka iphinde ibuye.

Izinkinga zingafaka:

• Inhliziyo iyeka ukushaya ngokungazelelwe (ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo)
• Ubuthakathaka
• Ukuhluleka kwezinso

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho khona manjalo uma uhlanza, ushaya izinyembezi, ubuthakathaka, noma uphefumula kanzima, noma uma uthatha isengezo se-potassium futhi unezimpawu ze-potassium ephezulu.

Hyperkalemia; I-Potassium - ephezulu; I-potassium yegazi ephezulu

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi

Intaba DB. Ukuphazamiseka kwebhalansi ye-potassium. Ku: Skorecki K, Chertow GM, Marsden PA, Taal MW, Yu ASL, ama-eds. IBrenner neRector's The Kidney. Umhlaka 10. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 18.

Seifter JL. Izinkinga ze-potassium. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 109.