I-Parathyroid hyperplasia

I-parathyroid hyperplasia ukukhuliswa kwazo zonke izindlala ezine ze-parathyroid. Izindlala ze-parathyroid zitholakala entanyeni, eduze noma ezinamathiselwe ohlangothini olungemuva lwendlala yegilo.

Izindlala ze-parathyroid zisiza ukulawula ukusetshenziswa kwe-calcium nokususwa ngumzimba. Benza lokhu ngokukhiqiza i-hormone ye-parathyroid (PTH). I-PTH isiza ukulawula amazinga e-calcium, i-phosphorus, ne-vitamin D egazini futhi ibalulekile emathanjeni aphilile.

I-parathyroid hyperplasia ingenzeka kubantu abangenawo umlando womndeni wesifo, noma njengengxenye yama-syndromes amathathu azuzwe njengefa:

• Izimpawu eziningi ze-endocrine neoplasia I (MEN I)
• AMADODA IIA
• I-hyperparathyroidism yomndeni ehlukanisiwe

Kubantu abane-syndrome ezuzwe njengefa, i-gene eshintshiwe (eshintshiwe) idluliselwa emndenini. Udinga kuphela ukuthola isakhi kusuka kumzali oyedwa ukuze uthuthukise isimo.

• Ku-MEN I, izinkinga ezisezindlala ze-parathyroid zenzeka, kanye nezicubu ezise-pituitary gland kanye ne-pancreas.
• Ku-MEN IIA, ukusebenza ngokweqile kwezindlala ze-parathyroid kuyenzeka, kanye nezicubu ku-adrenal noma i-thyroid gland.

I-parathyroid hyperplasia engeyona ingxenye yesifo esizuzwe njengefa ifana kakhulu. Kwenzeka ngenxa yezinye izimo zezokwelapha. Izimo ezivame kakhulu ezingadala i-parathyroid hyperplasia yisifo sezinso esingalapheki nokuntuleka kwamavithamini D okungamahlalakhona. Kuzona zozimbili izimo, izindlala ze-parathyroid ziyakhuliswa ngoba uvithamini D namazinga e-calcium aphansi kakhulu.

Izimpawu zingafaka:

• Ukuqhekeka kwamathambo noma ubuhlungu bamathambo
• Ukuqunjelwa
• Ukungabi namandla
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha
• Isicanucanu

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuzokwenziwa ukuhlola amazinga alandelayo:

• I-calcium
• I-Phosphorus
• Magnesium
• I-PTH
• Uvithamini D
• Umsebenzi wezinso (i-Creatinine, i-BUN)

Ukuhlolwa komchamo wamahora angama-24 kungenziwa ukuthola ukuthi ingakanani i-calcium ehluzwayo ephuma emzimbeni iye emchameni.

I-Bone x-ray kanye nokuhlolwa kwesisindo samathambo (i-DXA) kungasiza ukuthola ukuphuka, ukulahleka kwethambo, nokuthanjiswa kwethambo. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasound ne-CT kungenziwa ukubuka izindlala ze-parathyroid entanyeni.

Uma i-parathyroid hyperplasia ingenxa yesifo sezinso noma izinga eliphansi levithamini D futhi itholakala kusenesikhathi, umhlinzeki wakho angancoma ukuthi uthathe i-vitamin D, izidakamizwa ezifana ne-vitamin D, neminye imithi.

Ukuhlinzwa kuvame ukwenziwa lapho izindlala ze-parathyroid zikhiqiza i-PTH eningi kakhulu futhi zidala izimpawu. Ngokuvamile kususwa izindlala ezi-3/2. Izicubu ezisele zingafakwa engalweni noma emsipheni wentamo. Lokhu kuvumela ukufinyelela okulula kwezicubu uma izimpawu zibuya. Lezi zicubu zifakwa ukuvimbela umzimba ekubeni ne-PTH encane kakhulu, okungaholela emazingeni aphansi e-calcium (kusuka ku-hypoparathyroidism).

Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, izinga eliphakeme le-calcium lingaqhubeka noma libuye. Ukuhlinzwa kwesinye isikhathi kungadala i-hypoparathyroidism, eyenza izinga le-calcium egazini liphansi kakhulu.

I-parathyroid hyperplasia ingadala i-hyperparathyroidism, okuholela ekwandeni kwezinga le-calcium egazini.

Izinkinga zifaka ukwanda kwe-calcium ezinso, okungadala amatshe ezinso, ne-osteitis fibrosa cystica (indawo ethambile, ebuthakathaka emathanjeni).

Ukuhlinzwa kwesinye isikhathi kungalimaza izinzwa ezilawula imisipha yezwi. Lokhu kungathinta amandla wezwi lakho.

Izinkinga zingavela kwezinye izicubu eziyingxenye yama-MEN syndromes.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma:

• Unezimpawu ze-hypercalcemia
• Unomlando womndeni wesifo se-MEN

Uma unomlando womndeni wama-MEN syndromes, ungahle uthande ukuthola ukuhlolwa kofuzo ukuze uhlole isakhi sofuzo esingalungile. Labo abanezakhi zofuzo ezinamaphutha bangaba nokuhlolwa okujwayelekile kokuhlola ukuthola noma yiziphi izimpawu zokuqala.

Izindlala ze-parathyroid ezandisiwe; Ukukhumuzeka kwamathambo - i-parathyroid hyperplasia; Ukunciphisa amathambo - i-parathyroid hyperplasia; I-osteopenia - i-parathyroid hyperplasia; Izinga eliphezulu le-calcium - i-parathyroid hyperplasia; Isifo sezinso esingapheliyo - i-parathyroid hyperplasia; Ukwehluleka kwezinso - hyperplasia parathyroid; I-parathyroid esebenzayo - i-parathyroid hyperplasia

• Izindlala ze-Endocrine
• Nezindlala Parathyroid

Reid LM, Kamani D, Randolph GW. Ukuphathwa kokuphazamiseka kwe-parathyroid. Ku: IFlint PW, uFrancis HW, uHaughey BH, et al, eds. I-Cummings Otolaryngology: Ukuhlinzwa Kwekhanda Nentamo. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 123.

I-Thakker RV. Izindlala ze-parathyroid, i-hypercalcemia ne-hypocalcemia. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 232.