Izinkinga ze-TMJ

Izinkinga ze-Temporomandibular joint and muscle (TMJ disorders) yizinkinga ezithinta imisipha ehlafunayo namalunga axhumanisa umhlathi wakho ophansi nogebhezi lwakho.

Kunezinhlanganisela ezi-2 ezifanayo ze-temporomandibular ohlangothini ngalunye lwekhanda lakho. Zitholakala nje phambi kwezindlebe zakho. Isifinyezo esithi "TMJ" sisho igama lejoyinti, kepha livame ukusetshenziselwa ukusho noma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka noma izimpawu zalesi sifunda.

Izimpawu eziningi ezihlobene ne-TMJ zidalwa yimiphumela yokuxineka emzimbeni kuzakhiwo ezizungeze ijoyini. Lezi zinhlaka zifaka:

• Uqwanga disk ejoyintini
• Imisipha yomhlathi, ubuso, nentamo
• Imigqa eseduzane, imithambo yegazi, nezinzwa
• Amazinyo

Kubantu abaningi abanezinkinga ezihlangene ze-temporomandibular, imbangela ayaziwa. Ezinye izimbangela ezinikezwe ngalesi simo azifakazelwa kahle. Kubandakanya:

• Ukulunywa kabi noma ama-brace orthodontic.
• Ukucindezeleka nokugaya izinyo. Abantu abaningi abanezinkinga ze-TMJ abagabazi amazinyo abo, futhi abaningi asebekade begaya amazinyo isikhathi eside abanazinkinga ngokuhlangana kwabo kwe-temporomandibular. Kwabanye abantu, ingcindezi ehambisana nalesi sifo ingabangelwa ubuhlungu, ngokungafani nokuba yimbangela yenkinga.

Ukuma kabi nakho kungaba yinto ebalulekile ezimpawu ze-TMJ. Isibonelo, ukubamba ikhanda lakho phambili ngenkathi ubheke ikhompyutha usuku lonke kunciphisa imisipha yobuso bakho nentamo.

Ezinye izinto ezingenza izimpawu ze-TMJ zibe zimbi kakhulu kubandakanya ukungadli kahle nokuntuleka kokulala.

Abantu abaningi bagcina "benama-trigger points." Le yimisipha enenkontileka emihlathini, ekhanda nasentanyeni yakho. Amaphuzu we-Trigger angabhekisa ubuhlungu kwezinye izindawo, kubangele ukuphathwa ikhanda, ubuhlungu bendlebe, noma ubuhlungu bamazinyo.

Ezinye izimbangela zezimpawu ezihlobene ne-TMJ zifaka phakathi i-arthritis, ukuqhekeka, ukuhlukaniswa, nezinkinga zesakhiwo ezikhona kusukela lapho kuzalwa.

Izimpawu ezihambisana nokuphazamiseka kwe-TMJ kungaba:

• Ukuluma noma ukuhlafuna noma ukungaphatheki kahle
• Ukuchofoza, ukuphuma, noma ukushaya umsindo lapho uvula noma uvale umlomo
• Ubuhlungu obubuhlungu, obuhlungu ebusweni
• Ubuhlungu bendlebe
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• Ubuhlungu bomhlathi noma ukuthamba komhlathi
• Ukukhiya umhlathi
• Kunzima ukuvula noma ukuvala umlomo

Ungadinga ukubona uchwepheshe ongaphezu koyedwa wezinhlungu nezimpawu zakho ze-TMJ. Lokhu kungafaka umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo, udokotela wamazinyo, noma indlebe, ikhala, nomphimbo (ENT), kuye ngezimpawu zakho.

Uzodinga ukuhlolwa okuphelele okubandakanya:

• Ukuhlolwa kwamazinyo ukukhombisa ukuthi unokuhleleka okungalungile kokuluma
• Ukuzwa ukujoyina nezicubu zethenda
• Ukucindezela ekhanda ukuthola izindawo ezizwelayo noma ezibuhlungu
• Ukuslayida amazinyo ngapha nangapha
• Ukubuka, ukuzwa, nokulalela umhlathi kuvuleka futhi kuvalwe
• I-X-ray, i-CT scan, i-MRI, i-Doppler test ye-TMJ

Kwesinye isikhathi, imiphumela yokuhlolwa komzimba ingahle ibonakale ijwayelekile.

Umhlinzeki wakho uzodinga futhi ukucubungula ezinye izimo, njengokutheleleka, izinkinga ezihlobene nezinzwa, kanye nekhanda elingase libangele izimpawu zakho.

Kunconywa izindlela zokwelashwa ezilula nezincane.

• Ukudla okuthambile ukwehlisa ukuvuvukala okuhlangene.
• Funda ukuthi unganwebeka kanjani, uphumule, noma ubhucungule imisipha ezungeze umhlathi wakho. Umhlinzeki wakho, udokotela wamazinyo, noma owelapha ngokomzimba angakusiza ngalokhu.
• Gwema izenzo ezibangela izimpawu zakho, njengokuzamula, ukucula nokuhlafuna ushingamu.
• Zama ukushisa okumanzi noma amaphakethe abandayo ebusweni bakho.
• Funda izindlela zokunciphisa ukucindezeleka.
• Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kaningana ngesonto ukukusiza ukuthi wandise ikhono lakho lokusingatha izinhlungu.
• Ukuhlaziya ukuluma.

Funda okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka ngokuthi ungazelapha kanjani izinkinga ze-TMJ, njengoba umbono wehluka kakhulu. Thola imibono yabahlinzeki abaningi. Izindaba ezimnandi ukuthi abantu abaningi ekugcineni bathola okuthile okusizayo.

Buza umhlinzeki wakho noma udokotela wamazinyo ngemithi ongayisebenzisa. Lokhu kungafaka:

• Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhashana kwe-acetaminophen noma ibuprofen, naproxen (noma ezinye izidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala)
• Imithi ephumuza imisipha noma imishanguzo elwa nokudangala
• Imijovo yokuphumula yemisipha efana ne-toxin botulinum
• Imvamisa, isibhamu se-corticosteroid ku-TMJ ukwelapha ukuvuvukala

Onogada bomlomo noma abalumayo, ababizwa nangokuthi iziqobosho noma izinto zikagesi, sekuyisikhathi eside zisetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukugaya amazinyo, ukugoqa kanye nokuphazamiseka kwe-TMJ. Bangasiza noma bangasizi.

• Ngenkathi abantu abaningi bekutholile kuwusizo, izinzuzo ziyahlukahluka kakhulu. Unogada angalahlekelwa ukusebenza kwawo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, noma lapho uyeka ukukugqoka. Abanye abantu bangazizwa ubuhlungu obukhulu lapho begqoka eyodwa.
• Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zemigqa. Amanye alingana namazinyo aphezulu, kanti amanye alingana namazinyo angezansi.
• Ukusetshenziswa unomphela kwalezi zinto kungenzeka kunganconywa. Kufanele futhi ume uma zibangela ushintsho ekulungeni kwakho.

Uma ukwelashwa okulondolozayo kungasebenzi, akusho ukuthi ngokuzenzakalela udinga ukwelashwa okunamandla kakhulu. Sebenzisa ukuqaphela lapho ubheka izindlela zokwelashwa ezingenakubuyiselwa emuva, njenge-orthodontics noma ukuhlinzwa okushintsha unomphela ukuluma kwakho.

Ukuhlinzwa okwakhiwa kabusha komhlathi, noma ukubuyiselwa ngokuhlanganyela, akuvamile ukuthi kudingeke. Eqinisweni, imiphumela iba mibi kakhulu kunangaphambi kokuhlinzwa.

Ungathola imininingwane ethe xaxa futhi uthole amaqembu osizo nge-TMJ Syndrome Association ku-www.tmj.org.

Kubantu abaningi, izimpawu zivela kwesinye isikhathi futhi azihlali isikhathi eside. Bajwayele ukuhamba ngesikhathi bephethwe okuncane noma bengenakho nhlobo. Izimo eziningi zingelashwa ngempumelelo.

Ezinye izimo zobuhlungu ziyahamba zodwa ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Ubuhlungu obuhlobene ne-TMJ bungabuya futhi ngokuzayo. Uma imbangela ingukuhlangana ebusuku, ukwelashwa kungaba yinkohliso enkulu ngoba kuyindlela yokuziphatha yokulala okunzima ukuyilawula.

Izindwangu zomlomo ziyindlela ejwayelekile yokwelapha yokugaya amazinyo. Ngenkathi ezinye izingcezu zingathulisa ukugaya ngokunikeza isicaba, noma ngaphezulu, kungenzeka zingasebenzi ngempumelelo ekunciphiseni ubuhlungu noma ekumiseni ukuhlangana. Imifantu ingasebenza kahle esikhathini esifushane, kepha ingahle isebenze ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ezinye iziqeshana zingadala nezinguquko zokulunywa uma zingakulungelanga kahle. Lokhu kungadala inkinga entsha.

I-TMJ ingadala:

• Ubuhlungu obungapheli besifo
• Ukuphathwa ikhanda okungapheli

Bona umhlinzeki wakho ngokushesha uma unenkinga yokudla noma ukuvula umlomo wakho. Khumbula ukuthi izimo eziningi zingadala izimpawu ze-TMJ, kusuka ekulimaleni kwesifo samathambo kuya ekulimaleni kwe-whiplash. Ochwepheshe abaqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ezinhlungwini zobuso bangasiza ukuxilonga nokwelapha i-TMJ.

Izinyathelo eziningi zokunakekelwa kwasekhaya zokwelapha izinkinga ze-TMJ nazo zingasiza ukuvimbela lesi simo. Lezi zinyathelo zifaka:

• Gwema ukudla ukudla okunzima nokuhlafuna ushungamu.
• Funda amasu okuphumula ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka kanye nokuqina kwemisipha.
• Gcina ukuma okuhle, ikakhulukazi uma usebenza usuku lonke kukhompyutha. Misa isikhashana kaningi ukushintsha indawo, phumula izandla nezingalo, futhi ukhulule imisipha ecindezelekile.
• Sebenzisa izindlela zokuphepha ukunciphisa ubungozi bokuqhekeka nokuhlukaniswa.

TMD; Izinkinga ezihlangene ze-Temporomandibular; Ukuphazamiseka kwemisipha ye-temporomandibular; I-Costen's syndrome; Ukuphazamiseka kwe-Craniomandibular; Isifo se-Temporomandibular

I-Indresano AT, iPark CM. Ukuphathwa kwe-Nonsurgical kwezifo ezihlangene ze-temporomandibular. Ku: Fonseca RJ, ed. Ukuhlinzwa ngomlomo nangamaMaxillofacial. 3rd ed. ISt Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 39.

UMartin B, Baumhardt H, D'Alesio A, uWoods K. Ukuphazamiseka ngomlomo. Ku: Zitelli BJ, McIntire SC, Nowalk AJ, ama-eds. UZitelli noDavis ’Atlas of Pediatric Physical Diagnosis. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 21.

U-Okeson JP. Izinkinga ze-Temporomandibular. Ku: Kellerman RD, Rakel DP, ama-eds. Ukwelashwa Kwamanje kukaConn 2020. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: 504-507.

I-Pedigo RA, i-Amsterdam JT. Umuthi womlomo. Ku: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, ama-eds. Imithi Ephuthumayo yaseRosen: Imiqondo kanye Nokuzijwayeza Komtholampilo. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 60.