Umdlavuza wamasende

Umdlavuza wamasende wumdlavuza oqala emasendeni. Amasende yizindlala zesilisa zokuzala ezise-scrotum.

Imbangela ngqo yomdlavuza wamasende ayiqondakali kahle. Izici ezingakhuphula ingozi yomuntu yokuba nomdlavuza wamasende yilezi:

• Ukuthuthukiswa kwamasende okungavamile
• Ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali athile
• Umlando womndeni womdlavuza wamasende
• Ukutheleleka nge-HIV
• Umlando womdlavuza wamasende
• Umlando wesende elingafuneki (elilodwa noma womabili amasende ahluleka ukungena esikhunjeni ngaphambi kokuzalwa)
• I-Klinefelter syndrome
• Ukungabi nenzalo
• Ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi
• I-Down syndrome

Umdlavuza wamasende wumdlavuza ovame kakhulu emadodeni amancane naphakathi kweminyaka yobudala. Kungenzeka futhi emadodeni amadala, futhi ezimweni ezingavamile, kubafana abancane.

Abesilisa abamhlophe banamathuba amaningi kunamadoda ase-Afrika aseMelika nawase-Asia okuthuthukisa lolu hlobo lomdlavuza.

Akukho ukuxhumana phakathi komdlavuza we-vasectomy nomdlavuza wamasende.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zomdlavuza wamasende:

• Izingqungquthela
• Nonseminomas

Lawa mdlavuza ukhula usuke emangqamuzaneni amagciwane, amangqamuzana akha isidoda.

I-Seminoma: Lena indlela ekhula kancane yomdlavuza wamasende etholakala emadodeni aneminyaka engama-40 nengama-50. Umdlavuza usema-testes, kepha ungadlulela kuma-lymph node. Ukubandakanyeka kwe-lymph node kungalashwa nge-radiotherapy noma ngamakhemikhali. Ama-Seminomas azwela kakhulu ekwelashweni ngemisebe.

I-Nonseminoma: Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza wamasende luvame ukukhula ngokushesha okukhulu kunama-seminomas.

Izicubu ze-Nonseminoma zivame ukwenziwa ngohlobo lweseli olungaphezu kolulodwa, futhi zikhonjwa ngokusho kwalezi zinhlobo zamaseli ahlukene:

• I-Choriocarcinoma (kuyaqabukela)
• I-embryonal carcinoma
• I-Teratoma
• Isimila sesikhumba

I-stromal tumor iwuhlobo olungavamile lwesimila samasende. Imvamisa abanawo umdlavuza. Izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zezicubu zomzimba yi-Leydig cell tumors kanye ne-Sertoli cell tumors. Izicubu ezinamandla zivame ukwenzeka ngesikhathi sobuntwana.

Kungase kungabikho zimpawu. Umdlavuza ungabonakala njengesisindo esingenabuhlungu emasendeni. Uma kunezimpawu, zingafaka:

• Ukungakhululeki noma ubuhlungu esendeni, noma umuzwa wesisindo emgodleni
• Ubuhlungu ngemuva noma esiswini esingezansi
• Isende elikhulisiwe noma ushintsho ngendlela elizizwa ngayo
• Inani elithe xaxa lezicubu zamabele (gynecomastia), kepha lokhu kungenzeka ngokujwayelekile kubafana abasebasha abangenawo umdlavuza wamasende
• Isigaxa noma ukuvuvukala kusende ngalinye

Izimpawu kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, ezifana namaphaphu, isisu, isinqe, emuva, noma ubuchopho, nazo zingavela uma umdlavuza usabalele ngaphandle kwamasende.

Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba kuveza isigaxa esiqinile kwelinye lamasende. Lapho umhlinzeki wezempilo ephethe i-flashlight yaze yafika esikhwameni, isibani asidluli esigaxeni. Lokhu kuhlolwa kubizwa ngokuthi ukuguqulwa komzimba.

Ezinye izivivinyo zifaka:

• Isisu se-CT esiswini kanye nesisu
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwezimpawu zesimila: i-alpha fetoprotein (AFP), i-chorionic gonadotrophin yabantu (i-beta HCG), ne-lactic dehydrogenase (LDH)
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• I-Ultrasound yesikhwama
• Ukuskena kwamathambo nekhanda le-CT scan (ukubheka ukusabalala komdlavuza emathanjeni nasekhanda)
• Ubuchopho be-MRI

Ukwelashwa kuya ngokuthi:

• Uhlobo lwesimila samasende
• Isigaba sesimila

Lapho umdlavuza usutholakele, isinyathelo sokuqala ngukuthola uhlobo lweseli lomdlavuza ngokulihlola ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu. Amaseli angaba seminoma, nonseminoma, noma womabili.

Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuthola ukuthi umdlavuza ususabalalise kangakanani kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "isiteji."

• Umdlavuza weSigaba I awusakazekanga ngale kwesende.
• Umdlavuza weSigaba II usabalalele kuma-lymph node esiswini.
• Umdlavuza weSigaba III usabalale wadlulela ngaphesheya kwama-lymph node (kungaba isibindi, amaphaphu, noma ubuchopho).

Izinhlobo ezintathu zokwelashwa zingasetshenziswa.

• Ukwelashwa okuhlinzwa kususa isende (orchiectomy).
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe usebenzisa imithamo ephezulu ye-x-ray noma eminye imisebe yamandla aphezulu kungasetshenziswa ngemuva kokuhlinzwa ukuvimbela isimila ukuthi singabuyi. Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kuvame ukusetshenziswa kuphela ekwelapheni izingqungquthela.
• I-Chemotherapy isebenzisa imithi ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lokhu kwelashwa kuthuthukise kakhulu ukusinda kwabantu abanama-seminomas kanye nama-nonseminomas.

Ukujoyina iqembu lokwesekwa lapho amalungu abelana ngokuhlangenwe nakho okuvamile nezinkinga kungasiza ukucindezeleka kokugula.

Umdlavuza wamasende ungenye yomdlavuza owelaphekayo nolaphekayo.

Izinga lokusinda lamadoda anama-seminoma asesigabeni sokuqala (uhlobo olunolaka oluncane lomdlavuza wamasende) angaphezu kuka-95%. Izinga lokusinda elingenazo izifo zomdlavuza weSigaba II no-III liphansi kancane, kuya ngosayizi wesimila nokuthi kuqale nini ukwelashwa.

Umdlavuza wamasende ungadlulela nakwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Amasayithi ajwayelekile afaka:

• Isibindi
• Amaphaphu
• Indawo ye-Retroperitoneal (indawo eseduze kwezinso ngemuva kwezinye izitho esiswini)
• Ubuchopho
• Ithambo

Izinkinga zokuhlinzwa zingafaka:

• Ukopha nokutheleleka ngemuva kokuhlinzwa
• Ukuzala (uma amasende womabili esusiwe)

Abasindile bomdlavuza wamasende basengozini enkulu yokuthuthuka:

• Izicubu ezimbi zesibili (umdlavuza wesibili owenzeka endaweni ehlukene emzimbeni oba ngemuva kokwelashwa komdlavuza wokuqala)
• Izifo zenhliziyo
• Isifo seMetabolic syndrome

Futhi, izinkinga zesikhathi eside kwabasindile kumdlavuza zingabandakanya:

• I-peripheral neuropathy
• Isifo sezinso esingalapheki
• Ukulimala kwendlebe yangaphakathi emithini esetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza

Uma ucabanga ukuthi ungafuna ukuba nezingane ngokuzayo, buza umhlinzeki wakho ngezindlela zokonga isidoda sakho ukuze sisetshenziswe kamuva.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma unezimpawu zomdlavuza wamasende.

Ukwenza ukuzihlola kwe-testicular (TSE) inyanga nenyanga kungasiza ukuthola umdlavuza wamasende kusenesikhathi, ngaphambi kokuba usabalale. Ukuthola umdlavuza wamasende kusenesikhathi kubalulekile ekwelashweni ngempumelelo nasekusindeni. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wamasende akunconywa kubantu abaningi e-United States.

Umdlavuza - amasende; Isimila segciwane lesandulela ngculaza; Umdlavuza wamasende weSeminoma; Umdlavuza wamasende weNonseminoma; Isilonda samasende

• I-Chemotherapy - yini ongayibuza udokotela wakho
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe - imibuzo ongayibuza udokotela wakho

• I-anatomy yokuzala yowesilisa
• Uhlelo lokuzala lwabesilisa

U-Einhorn LH. Umdlavuza wamasende. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 190.

IFriedlander TW, i-EJ Encane. Umdlavuza wamasende. Ku: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, abahleli. I-Abeloff’s Clinical Oncology. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 83.

Iwebhusayithi yeNational Cancer Institute. Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamasende (PDQ) - inguqulo yezobuchwepheshe yezempilo. www.cancer.gov/types/testicular/hp/testicular-treatment-pdq#section/_85. Kubuyekezwe uMeyi 21, 2020. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Agasti 5, 2020.