Umkhuhlane weTyphoid

I-typhoid fever yisifo esibangela isifo sohudo nokuqubuka. Ngokuvamile kubangelwa igciwane elibizwa ngokuthi Salmonella typhi (S typhi).

S typhi isakazwa ngokudla, isiphuzo noma amanzi angcolile. Uma udla noma uphuza okuthile okungcoliswe yigciwane, amabhaktheriya angena emzimbeni wakho. Zingena emathunjini akho, bese zingena egazini lakho. Egazini, bahambela ama-lymph node, i-gallbladder, isibindi, ubende nezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Abanye abantu baba ngabathwali be- S typhi futhi baqhubeke nokukhipha amabhaktheriya ezindlini zabo iminyaka, besabalalisa lesi sifo.

I-typhoid fever ivamile emazweni asathuthuka. Izimo eziningi e-United States zilethwa zivela kwamanye amazwe lapho umkhuhlane we-typhoid uvame khona.

Izimpawu zokuqala zifaka imfiva, ukungazizwa kahle, nobuhlungu besisu. Umkhuhlane ophakeme (103 ° F, noma u-39.5 ° C) noma uhudo oluphakeme futhi olunzima lwenzeka njengoba lesi sifo siba sibi kakhulu.

Abanye abantu baba nokuqubuka okubizwa nge- "rose spots," okuyizindawo ezincane ezibomvu esiswini nasesifubeni.

Ezinye izimpawu ezenzekayo zifaka:

• Izitulo ezinegazi
• Amakhaza
• Ukuyaluza, ukudideka, i-delirium, ukubona noma ukuzwa izinto ezingekho (ukusangana)
• Kunzima ukunaka (ukulahlekelwa ukunakwa)
• Ukopha ngamakhala
• Ukukhathala okukhulu
• Ukuhamba kancane, ukuvilapha, nokuzwela

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba abuze ngezimpawu.

Ukubalwa kwegazi okuphelele (i-CBC) kuzobonisa inani eliphakeme lamaseli amhlophe egazi.

Isiko legazi phakathi nesonto lokuqala lomkhuhlane lingakhombisa S typhi amagciwane.

Ezinye izivivinyo ezingasiza ukuxilonga lesi simo zifaka:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-ELISA ukubheka amasosha omzimba ku- S typhi amagciwane
• Ucwaningo lwe-fluorescent antibody ukuze lubheke izinto eziqonde ngqo kuzoS typhi amagciwane
• Ukubalwa kweplatelet (inani leplatelet kungenzeka liphansi)
• Isiko le-Stool

Uketshezi nama-electrolyte kunganikezwa nge-IV (emthanjeni) noma ungacelwa ukuthi uphuze amanzi ngamaphakethe e-electrolyte.

Ama-antibiotic anikezwa ukubulala amagciwane. Kunamanani akhulayo okulwa nemithi elwa namagciwane emhlabeni wonke, ngakho-ke umhlinzeki wakho uzohlola izincomo zamanje ngaphambi kokukhetha i-antibiotic.

Izimpawu zivame ukuthuthuka emavikini amabili kuya kwamane ngokwelashwa. Umphumela kungenzeka ube muhle ngokwelashwa kusenesikhathi, kepha kuba kubi uma kuvela izinkinga.

Izimpawu zingabuya uma ukwelashwa kungakulaphile ngokuphelele ukutheleleka.

Izinkinga zempilo ezingakhula zibandakanya:

• Ukopha emathunjini (ukopha kakhulu kwe-GI)
• Ukubhoboza amathumbu
• Ukuhluleka kwezinso
• I-Peritonitis

Xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho uma unokunye kwalokhu okulandelayo:

• Uyazi ukuthi uvezwe umuntu onomkhuhlane we-typhoid fever
• Ubusendaweni lapho kunabantu abane-typhoid fever bese uba nezimpawu zomkhuhlane we-typhoid
• Ube nomkhuhlane we-typhoid futhi izimpawu ziyabuya
• Uba nobuhlungu obukhulu besisu, ukwehla kokukhishwa komchamo, noma ezinye izimpawu ezintsha

Kunconywa umuthi wokugoma ukuhambela ngaphandle kwe-United States uye ezindaweni lapho kune-typhoid fever. Iwebhusayithi yeCenters for Disease Control and Prevention inemininingwane yokuthi uvame kangakanani umkhuhlane we-typhoid - www.cdc.gov/typhoid-fever/index.html. Buza umhlinzeki wakho uma kufanele ulethe amaphakethe e-electrolyte uma kwenzeka ugula.

Lapho usohambweni, phuza amanzi abilisiwe noma asemabhodleleni kuphela bese udla ukudla okuphekwe kahle. Geza izandla zakho ngaphambi kokudla.

Ukwelashwa kwamanzi, ukulahlwa kukadoti, nokuvikela ukutholakala kokudla kungcoliswe yizinyathelo ezibalulekile zezempilo yomphakathi. Abathwali be-typhoid akumele bavunyelwe ukuthi basebenze njengabaphathi bokudla.

Umkhuhlane we-enteric

• Salmonella typhi umzimba
• Izitho zohlelo lokugaya ukudla

IHaines CF, Sears CL. I-enteritis ethathelwanayo ne-proctocolitis. Ku: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, ama-eds. ISleisenger neFordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease: IPathophysiology / Diagnosis / Management. Umhlaka 10. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 110.

UHarris JB, uRyan ET. Umkhuhlane we-enteric nezinye izimbangela zomkhuhlane nezimpawu zesisu. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, uHlelo Olubuyekeziwe. Umhlaka 8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: isahluko 102.