Isifo segciwane le-Ebola

I-Ebola yisifo esibi futhi esivame ukubulala esibangelwa igciwane. Izimpawu zifaka phakathi umkhuhlane, uhudo, ukuhlanza, ukopha, futhi kaningi nokufa.

I-Ebola ingenzeka kubantu nakwezinye izilwane (ama-gorilla, izinkawu, nezimfene).

Ukuqubuka kwe-Ebola eNtshonalanga Afrika okwaqala ngoMashi 2014 kwakuyisifo esiwumkhuhlane esikhulu kunazo zonke emlandweni. Cishe ama-40% abantu abahlakulele i-Ebola kulokhu kuqubuka bafa.

Igciwane libeka ingozi ephansi kakhulu kubantu base-United States.

Ngemininingwane esesikhathini, sicela uvakashele iwebhusayithi yeCenters for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) ethi: www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola.

LAPHO EBOLA KHONA

I-Ebola yatholakala ngo-1976 eduze noMfula i-Ebola eDemocratic Republic of the Congo. Kusukela lapho, kuqhamuke ukuqubuka okuncane okuncane e-Afrika. Ukuqubuka kwango-2014 kube kukhulu kakhulu. Amazwe athinteke kakhulu kulokhu kuqubuka afaka:

• IGuinea
• ELiberia
• ESierra Leone

I-Ebola ibike yabikwa ngaphambilini ku:

• ENigeria
• ESenegal
• ISpain
• I-united states
• Mali
• i-United Kingdom
• I-Italy

Kwakunabantu abane abatholakala ukuthi bane-Ebola eMelika. Ababili bebevela emazweni angaphandle, kanti ababili bathole lesi sifo ngemuva kokunakekela isiguli se-Ebola e-United States. Indoda eyodwa yabulawa yilesi sifo. Abanye abathathu balulame futhi abanazo izimpawu zesifo.

Ngo-Agasti 2018, kwaqubuka isifo esisha se-Ebola eDemocratic Republic of the Congo. Lesi sifo siqhubeka njengamanje.

Ngemininingwane yakamuva ngalokhu kubheduka kanye ne-Ebola iyonke, vakashela iwebhusayithi yeWorld Health Organisation ku www.who.int/health-topics/ebola.

INDLELA EBOLA ENGASABALAZA NGAYO

I-Ebola ayisakazeki kalula njengezifo ezivame kakhulu ezifana nemikhuhlane, umkhuhlane noma isimungumungwane. Nakhu Cha ubufakazi bokuthi igciwane elibanga i-Ebola lisakazeka emoyeni noma emanzini. Umuntu one-Ebola AKEKHO ukusabalalisa lesi sifo kuze kuvele izimpawu.

I-Ebola ingasabalala KUPHELA phakathi kwabantu ngo- ukuthinta ngqo uketshezi lomzimba olunegciwane kubandakanya kodwa kungagcini kumchamo, amathe, umjuluko, indle, ukuhlanza, ubisi lwebele, kanye nesidoda. Leli gciwane lingena emzimbeni ngekhefu esikhunjeni noma ngezicubu zomlomo, kufaka phakathi amehlo, ikhala nomlomo.

I-Ebola ingabuye isabalale ngokuxhumana nanoma yiziphi izindawo, izinto nezinto zokwakha eziye zahlangana noketshezi lomzimba oluvela kumuntu ogulayo, njenge:

• Izindwangu zokulala nezokulala
• Izembatho
• Amabhandeshi
• Izinaliti nemijovo
• Imishini yezokwelapha

E-Afrika, i-Ebola nayo ingasatshalaliswa ngu:

• Ukuphatha izilwane zasendle ezithelelekile ezizingelwa ukudla (inyama yasemahlathini)
• Ukuthintana negazi noma uketshezi lomzimba lwezilwane ezinegciwane
• Xhumana namalulwane athelelekile

I-Ebola ayisabalali ngalokhu:

• Umoya
• Amanzi
• Ukudla
• Izinambuzane (omiyane)

Abasebenzi bezempilo kanye nabantu abanakekela izihlobo ezigulayo basengozini enkulu yokuthola i-Ebola ngoba maningi amathuba okuthi bazongena baxhumane ngqo noketshezi lomzimba. Ukusetshenziswa okufanele kwemishini yokuzivikela yomuntu siqu i-PPE kuyinciphisa kakhulu le ngozi.

Isikhathi esiphakathi kokuchayeka nalapho kuvela khona izimpawu (isikhathi sokufukamela) yizinsuku ezi-2 kuye kwezi-21. Ngokwesilinganiso, izimpawu zikhula ezinsukwini eziyi-8 kuye kwezingu-10.

Izimpawu zokuqala ze-Ebola zifaka:

• Umkhuhlane omkhulu kuno-101.5 ° F (38.6 ° C)
• Amakhaza
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Umphimbo obuhlungu
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha
• Ubuthakathaka
• Ukukhathala
• I-Rash
• Ubuhlungu besisu (esiswini)
• Uhudo
• Ukuhlanza

Izimpawu ezizayo zifaka:

• Ukopha okuphuma emlonyeni nasengxenyeni
• Ukopha emehlweni, ezindlebeni, nasemakhaleni
• Ukwehluleka komzimba

Umuntu ongenazo izimpawu ezinsukwini ezingama-21 ngemuva kokuchayeka ku-Ebola ngeke asithole lesi sifo.

Alikho ikhambi elaziwayo le-Ebola. Imithi yokwelapha isetshenzisiwe, kepha ayikho eye yahlolwa ngokuphelele ukubona ukuthi isebenza kahle futhi iphephile yini.

Abantu abane-Ebola kumele belashwe esibhedlela. Lapho, zingahlukaniswa ukuze isifo singasakazeki. Abahlinzeki bezempilo bazokwelapha izimpawu zesifo.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Ebola kuyasekela futhi kufaka phakathi:

• Uketshezi olunikezwa ngomthambo (IV)
• Oxygen
• Ukuphathwa kwengcindezi yegazi
• Ukwelashwa kwezinye izifo
• Ukumpontshelwa igazi

Ukusinda kuncike ekutheni amasosha omzimba womuntu asabela kanjani kuleligciwane. Umuntu futhi angaba sethubeni lokusinda uma ethola ukunakekelwa okuhle kwezokwelapha.

Abantu abasinda ku-Ebola abavikelekile kuleligciwane iminyaka eyishumi noma ngaphezulu. Azisakwazi ukusabalalisa i-Ebola. Akwaziwa noma bangatheleleka ngohlobo olwehlukile lwe-Ebola. Kodwa-ke, amadoda asindayo angathwala igciwane le-Ebola esidunjini sabo isikhathi esingangezinyanga ezintathu kuya kwezi-9. Kufanele badede ocansini noma basebenzise amakhondomu izinyanga eziyi-12 noma kuze kube yilapho isidoda sabo sesike sathola ukuthi akanalo igciwane kabili.

Izinkinga zesikhathi eside zingabandakanya izinkinga ezihlangene nezokubona.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma uke waya eNtshonalanga Afrika futhi:

• Yazi usuchayeke ku-Ebola
• Uba nezimpawu zokuphazamiseka, kufaka phakathi umkhuhlane

Ukuthola ukwelashwa ngokushesha kungathuthukisa amathuba okusinda.

Umuthi wokugoma (i-Ervebo) uyatholakala ukuvimbela isifo segciwane le-Ebola kubantu abahlala emazweni asengozini enkulu. Uma uhlela ukuya kwelinye lamazwe lapho i-Ebola ikhona, i-CDC incoma ukuthatha izinyathelo ezilandelayo ukuvimbela ukugula:

• Zijwayeze ukuhlanzeka ngokucophelela. Geza izandla zakho ngensipho namanzi noma i-sanitizer yezandla enotshwala. Gwema ukuthintana negazi noketshezi lomzimba.
• Gwema ukuxhumana nabantu abanomkhuhlane, abahlanzayo, noma ababonakala begula.
• Ungaphathi izinto okungenzeka zihlangane negazi lomuntu noma onezifo zomzimba womuntu onegciwane. Lokhu kufaka izingubo, okombhede, izinaliti nemishini yezokwelapha.
• Gwema imikhuba yokungcwaba noma yokungcwaba edinga ukuphatha isidumbu somuntu obulewe yi-Ebola.
• Gwema ukuthintana namalulwane nezinyamazane ezingezona ezomuntu noma igazi, uketshezi nenyama eluhlaza eyenziwe ngalezi zilwane.
• Gwema izibhedlela eNtshonalanga Afrika lapho kulashwa khona iziguli ze-Ebola. Uma udinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelashwa, inxusa laseMelika noma inxusa laseMelika livame ukukunikeza izeluleko ngezindawo.
• Ngemuva kokubuya, naka impilo yakho izinsuku ezingama-21. Funa ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uba nezimpawu ze-Ebola, njengomkhuhlane. Tshela umhlinzeki ukuthi uke waya ezweni lapho i-Ebola ikhona khona.

Abasebenzi bezempilo abangavezwa abantu abane-Ebola kufanele balandele lezi zinyathelo:

• Gqoka i-PPE, kufaka phakathi izingubo zokuzivikela, kufaka phakathi imaski, amagilavu, ama-gown, nokuvikelwa kwamehlo.
• Zijwayeze ukulawula okufanele ukutheleleka kanye nezinyathelo zokuvala inzalo.
• Hlukanisa iziguli ezine-Ebola kwezinye iziguli.
• Gwema ukuthintana ngqo nezidumbu zabantu ababulewe yi-Ebola.
• Yazisa abaphathi bezempilo uma uke wathintana ngqo negazi noma uketshezi lomzimba lomuntu ogula yi-Ebola.

Umkhuhlane wokopha we-Ebola; Ukutheleleka ngegciwane le-Ebola; Umkhuhlane we-Viral hemorrhagic; Ebola

• Igciwane le-Ebola
• Amasosha omzimba

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. I-Ebola (Izifo Zegciwane Le-Ebola). www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola. Kubuyekezwe ngoNovemba 5, 2019. Kufinyelelwe ngoNovemba 15, 2019.

UGeisbert TW. Igciwane lesandulela ngculaza iMarburg ne-Ebola. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 164.

Iwebhusayithi yeWorld Health Organisation. Isifo segciwane le-Ebola. www.who.int/health-topics/ebola. Kubuyekezwe ngoNovemba 2019. Kufinyelelwe ngoNovemba 15, 2019.