Umkhuhlane obuyela emuva

Ukubuyela emuva komkhuhlane ukutheleleka kwamagciwane okudluliswa intwala noma umkhaza. Kubonakala ngeziqephu eziphindaphindiwe zomkhuhlane.

Ukubuyela emuva komkhuhlane ukutheleleka okubangelwa yizinhlobo eziningana zamagciwane emndenini we-borrelia.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezinkulu zomkhuhlane obuyela emuva:

• Umkhuhlane obuyela emuva ophethwe ngumkhaza (TBRF) udluliselwa umkhaza we-ornithodoros. Kwenzeka e-Afrika, eSpain, eSaudi Arabia, e-Asia, nasezindaweni ezithile entshonalanga ye-United States naseCanada. Izinhlobo zebhaktheriya ezihambisana ne-TBRF yilezi Borrelia duttoni, I-Borrelia hermsii, futhi IBorrelia parkerii.
• Umkhuhlane obuyela emuva ophethwe izintwala (i-LBRF) udluliselwa yizintwala zomzimba. Kuvame kakhulu e-Asia, e-Afrika, nase-Central naseNingizimu Melika. Izinhlobo zebhaktheriya ezihambisana ne-LBRF Ukuphindaphinda kweBorrelia.

Umkhuhlane ongazelelwe uvela ngaphakathi kwamasonto amabili wokutheleleka.

• Ku-TRBF, iziqephu eziningi zomkhuhlane zenzeka, futhi ngasinye singadlulela ezinsukwini ezintathu. Abantu kungenzeka bangabi nayo imfiva kuze kube amasonto ama-2, bese ibuya.
• Ku-LBRF, umkhuhlane uvame ukuthatha izinsuku ezi-3 kuye kwezi-6. Kuvame ukulandelwa yisiqephu esisodwa, esinamandla somkhuhlane.

Kuzo zombili lezi zinhlobo, isiqephu somkhuhlane singaphela "enkingeni." Lokhu kuqukethe ukugodola okubandayo, kulandelwe ukujuluka okukhulu, ukwehla kwezinga lomzimba, nomfutho wegazi ophansi. Lesi sigaba singaholela ekufeni.

E-United States, i-TBRF ivame ukuvela entshonalanga yoMfula iMississippi, ikakhulukazi ezintabeni zaseNtshonalanga nasemathafeni aphakeme nasemathafeni aseningizimu-ntshonalanga. Ezintabeni zaseCalifornia, e-Utah, e-Arizona, eNew Mexico, eColorado, e-Oregon naseWashington, izifo ngokuvamile zibangelwa I-Borrelia hermsii futhi zivame ukuthathwa emakamelweni emahlathini. Ingozi manje ingadlulela eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-United States.

I-LBRF ikakhulukazi isifo samazwe asathuthuka. Njengamanje ibonakala e-Ethiopia naseSudan. Indlala, impi, nokunyakaza kwamaqembu ababaleki kuvame ukuholela kubhadane lwe-LBRF.

Izimpawu zokuphindaphinda umkhuhlane zifaka:

• Ukopha
• I-Coma
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• Izinhlungu ezihlangene, izinhlungu zemisipha
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Ukushikiza ngakolunye uhlangothi lobuso (i-droop yobuso)
• Intamo eqinile
• Umkhuhlane omkhulu ongazelelwe, ukuqhaqhazela ukugula, ukuquleka
• Ukuhlanza
• Ubuthakathaka, ukungazinzi ngenkathi uhamba

Umkhuhlane obuyela emuva kufanele usolwe uma umuntu ovela endaweni enobungozi obukhulu ephindaphinda iziqephu zomkhuhlane. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi uma umkhuhlane ulandelwa isigaba "senhlekelele", futhi uma kungenzeka ukuthi lo muntu ubekhe wahlaselwa yizintwala noma imikhaza ethambile.

Ukuhlolwa okungenziwa kufaka phakathi:

• I-blood smear ukuthola imbangela yokutheleleka
• Ukuhlolwa kwama-antibody egazi (kwesinye isikhathi kuyasetshenziswa, kepha usizo lwawo lukhawulelwe)

Ama-antibiotic afaka i-penicillin ne-tetracycline asetshenziselwa ukwelapha lesi simo.

Abantu abanalesi simo abenze ikhoma, ukuvuvukala kwenhliziyo, izinkinga zesibindi, noma inyumoniya kungenzeka ukuthi bafe. Ngokwelashwa kusenesikhathi, izinga lokufa liyancipha.

Lezi zinkinga zingenzeka:

• Ukujula kobuso
• I-Coma
• Izinkinga zesibindi
• Ukuvuvukala kwezicubu ezincane ezizungeze ubuchopho nomgogodla
• Ukuvuvukala kwemisipha yenhliziyo, okungaholela ekushayeni kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile
• Inyumoniya
• Ukuquleka
• Isiphukuphuku
• Ukushaqeka okuhlobene nokuthatha ama-antibiotic (i-Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction, lapho ukufa okusheshayo kwamanani amakhulu kakhulu ama-borrelia bacteria kubangela ukushaqeka)
• Ubuthakathaka
• Ukopha okusakazekile

Thintana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokushesha uma uba nomkhuhlane ngemuva kokubuya ohambweni. Izifo ezingenzeka zidinga ukuphenywa ngesikhathi esifanele.

Ukugqoka izingubo ezihlanganisa ngokuphelele izingalo nemilenze uma ungaphandle kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka nge-TBRF. Izinambuzane ezixosha izinambuzane ezifana ne-DEET esikhunjeni nasezingutsheni nazo ziyasebenza. Ukulawulwa kwemikhaza nezintwala ezindaweni ezinobungozi kakhulu kungenye indlela ebalulekile yezempilo yomphakathi.

Umkhuhlane obuyela emuva othwalwa ngamathikithi; Umkhuhlane obuyela emuva obangelwa yizintwala

UHorton JM. Umkhuhlane obuyela emuva obangelwa yizinhlobo ze-borrelia. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, uHlelo Olubuyekeziwe. Umhlaka 8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: isahluko 242.

UPetri WA. Ukubuyela emuva komkhuhlane nezinye izifo ze-borrelia. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-25. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 322.