I-Hantavirus

I-Hantavirus iyisifo esisongela impilo esisakazeka kubantu ngamagundane.

I-Hantavirus iphathwa ngamagundane, ikakhulukazi amagundane ezinyamazane. Leli gciwane litholakala emchameni nasemlonyeni wabo, kodwa aligulisi isilwane.

Kukholakala ukuthi abantu bangagula ngaleli gciwane uma bephefumula uthuli olonakele oluvela ezidlekeni zamagundane noma obulongwe. Ungahlangana nothuli olunjalo lapho uhlanza amakhaya, amashedi, noma ezinye izindawo ezivaliwe esekunesikhathi eside zingenalutho.

I-Hantavirus ayibonakali isakazeka isuka kumuntu iye kumuntu.

Izimpawu zokuqala zesifo se-hantavirus ziyefana nomkhuhlane futhi zibandakanya:

• Amakhaza
• Imfiva
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha

Abantu abane-hantavirus bangaqala ukuzizwa bengcono isikhashana. Kepha kungakapheli izinsuku ezi-1 kuya kwezi-2, kuba nzima ukuphefumula. Lesi sifo siba sibi ngokushesha. Izimpawu zifaka:

• Ukukhwehlela okomile
• Ukuzizwa okujwayelekile (malaise)
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Ukuphelelwa umoya

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba. Lokhu kungaveza:

• Amaphaphu angajwayelekile azwakala ngenxa yokuvuvukala
• Ukuhluleka kwezinso
• Umfutho wegazi ophansi (hypotension)
• Amazinga e-oxygen ephansi egazi, enza ukuthi isikhumba siguqule umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka

Ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kungenziwa:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola izimpawu ze-hantavirus (ubukhona bama-antibodies egciwane)
• Qedela ukubalwa kwegazi (CBC)
• Qedela iphaneli yokuguqula umzimba
• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwezinso nesibindi
• I-X-ray yesifuba
• I-CT scan yesifuba

Abantu abane-hantavirus bangeniswa esibhedlela, imvamisa egunjini labagula kakhulu (i-ICU).

Ukwelashwa kufaka:

• Oxygen
• Ishubhu lokuphefumula noma umshini wokuphefumula ezimweni ezinzima
• Imishini ekhethekile yokwengeza umoya-mpilo egazini
• Okunye ukunakekelwa okusekelayo ukwelapha izimpawu

I-Hantavirus yisifo esibi kakhulu esibi ngokushesha. Ukwehluleka kwamaphaphu kungenzeka futhi kungaholela ekufeni. Ngisho nangempatho enobudlova, abantu abangaphezu kwesigamu esisodwa abanalesi sifo emaphashini abo bayafa.

Izinkinga ze-hantavirus zingafaka:

• Ukuhluleka kwezinso
• Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo namaphaphu

Lezi zinkinga zingaholela ekufeni.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma uba nezimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane ngemuva kokuhlangana nomswani wegundane noma umchamo wamagundane, noma uthuli olungcoliswe yilezi zinto.

Gwema ukuvezwa umchamo wamagundane nomswani.

• Phuza amanzi angenawo amagciwane.
• Lapho ukanisa, lala phezu kwesembozo somhlabathi kanye nephedi.
• Gcina ikhaya lakho lihlanzekile. Sula izindawo ezingaba khona zokwakha izidleke bese uhlanza ikhishi lakho.

Uma kufanele usebenze endaweni lapho kuthinteka khona umchamo wamagundane noma indle, landela lezi zincomo ezivela ku-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC):

• Lapho uvula ikhabethe elingasetshenziswanga, ishede, noma esinye isakhiwo, vula yonke iminyango namawindi, uphume esakhiweni, bese uvumela isikhala siphume imizuzu engama-30.
• Buyela esakhiweni ufafaze izindawo, ukhaphethi, nezinye izindawo ngesibulala-magciwane. Shiya isakhiwo eminye imizuzu engama-30.
• Futha izidleke zamagundane nodoti ngesisombululo se-10% se-chlorine bleach noma isibulala-magciwane esifanayo. Vumela ukuthi ihlale imizuzu engama-30. Usebenzisa amagilavu ​​wenjoloba, faka izinto ezikhwameni zepulasitiki. Namathisela izikhwama bese uziphonsa kudoti noma kusishisi. Lahla amagilavu ​​nezinto zokuhlanza ngendlela efanayo.
• Geza zonke izindawo ezinzima ezingangcoliswa nge-bleach noma i-disinfectant solution. Gwema ukukhipha kuze kube yilapho indawo isonakaliswe ngokuphelele. Ngemuva kwalokho, hlanza izikhathi ezimbalwa zokuqala nge-ventilation eyanele. Amaski wokuhlinza anganikeza ukuvikelwa okuthile.
• Uma une-infestation esindayo yamagundane, shayela inkampani yokulawula izinambuzane. Banemishini nezindlela ezikhethekile zokuhlanza.

I-Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome; Umkhuhlane owophayo one-renal syndrome

• Igciwane le-Hanta
• Ukubuka konke kwesistimu yokuphefumula

IBente DA. I-California encephalitis, i-hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, kanye ne-bunyavirus fever fever. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Disease, uHlelo Olubuyekeziwe. Umhlaka 8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: isahluko 168.

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. I-Hantavirus. www.cdc.gov/hantavirus/index.html. Kubuyekezwe ngoJanuwari 31, 2019. Kufinyelelwe ngoFebhuwari 14, 2019.

UPeteren LR, uKsiazek TG. Amagciwane e-Zoonotic. Ku: Cohen J, Powderly WG, Opal SM, ama-eds. Izifo Ezithathelwanayo. Umhla wesi-4. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: isahluko 175.