I-Leishmaniasis

I-Leishmaniasis yisifo esithathelwanayo esisatshalaliswa ukulunywa yisiwesi sowesifazane.

I-Leishmaniasis ibangelwa i-parasite encane ebizwa ngokuthi i-leishmania protozoa. I-Protozoa yizinto ezinengqamuzana elilodwa.

Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-leishmaniasis yilezi:

• I-leishmaniasis enqamulelayo ithinta isikhumba nolwelwesi lwamafinyila. Izilonda zesikhumba zivame ukuqala lapho kulunywa khona isandfly. Kubantu abambalwa, kungahle kuvele izilonda kulwelwesi lwamafinyila.
• I-leishmaniasis ehlelekile, noma ebonakalayo, ithinta wonke umzimba. Leli fomu livela ezinyangeni ezimbili kuya kweziyisishiyagalombili ngemuva kokuba umuntu elunywe yisihlabamanzi. Iningi labantu alikhumbuli linesilonda esikhunjeni. Leli fomu lingaholela ezinkingeni ezibulalayo. Amagciwane alimaza amasosha omzimba ngokunciphisa inani lamaseli alwa nezifo.

Amacala e-leishmaniasis abikiwe kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwase-Australia nase-Antarctica. Emazweni aseMelika, lesi sifo sitholakala eMexico naseNingizimu Melika. Kubikwe nakubasebenzi bezempi ababuya ePersian Gulf.

Izimpawu ze-leishmaniasis ezinqunyiwe zincike lapho izilonda zitholakala khona futhi zingafaka:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumula
• Izilonda zesikhumba, ezingaba isilonda sesikhumba eselapha kancane
• Impumu eminyene, ikhala eligobayo, namakhala emakhaleni
• Ukugwinya ubunzima
• Izilonda nokugqokwa (ukuguguleka) emlonyeni, olimini, ezinsinini, ezindebeni, ekhaleni, nasekhaleni elingaphakathi

Ukutheleleka okujwayelekile kwe-visceral ezinganeni kuvame ukuqala ngokungazelelwe ngo:

• Khwehlela
• Uhudo
• Imfiva
• Ukuhlanza

Abantu abadala bavame ukuba nomkhuhlane amasonto amabili kuya ezinyangeni ezimbili, kanye nezimpawu ezinjengokukhathala, ubuthakathaka, kanye nokwehla kwesifiso sokudla. Ubuthakathaka buyanda njengoba lesi sifo siba sibi kakhulu.

Ezinye izimpawu ze-systemic visceral leishmaniasis zingafaka:

• Ukungakhululeki esiswini
• Umkhuhlane ohlala amasonto; angafika ahambe ngemijikelezo
• Ukujuluka ebusuku
• I-Scaly, grey, mnyama, isikhumba somlotha
• Izinwele ezinciphile
• Ukwehla kwesisindo

Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzokuhlola futhi angathola ukuthi ubende bakho, isibindi, nama-lymph node akhulisiwe. Uzobuzwa ukuthi uyakhumbula yini ukuthi ulunywe yizimbabazane noma ngabe ubusendaweni lapho i-leishmaniasis ijwayelekile khona.

Ukuhlolwa okungenziwa ukuxilonga lesi simo kufaka:

• I-biopsy yobende namasiko
• I-bone marrow biopsy namasiko
• Ukuhlolwa okuhlanganisiwe okuqondile
• Ukuhlolwa okungaqondile kwe-immunofluorescent antibody
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR okukhethekile kweLeishmania
• I-biopsy yesibindi namasiko
• I-lymph node biopsy namasiko
• Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba eMontenegro (akuvunyelwe e-United States)
• Isikhumba biopsy namasiko

Olunye uvivinyo olungenziwa lubandakanya:

• Qedela ukubalwa kwegazi
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Serologic
• I-serum albumin
• Izinga le-serum immunoglobulin
• Amaprotheni weSerum

Izinhlanganisela eziqukethe i-antimony yimithi eyinhloko esetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-leishmaniasis. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• I-Meglumine antimoniate
• Isodium stibogluconate

Eminye imithi engasetshenziswa ifaka phakathi:

• I-Amphotericin B
• Ketoconazole
• I-Miltefosine
• I-Paromomycin
• IPentamidine

Ukuhlinzwa kwepulasitiki kungadingeka ukulungisa ukungasebenzi kahle okubangelwa izilonda ebusweni (i-cutaneous leishmaniasis).

Izinga lokwelashwa liphezulu ngomuthi ofanele, ikakhulukazi lapho ukwelashwa kuqala ngaphambi kokuthi kuthinte amasosha omzimba. I-leishmaniasis enqamulelayo ingaholela ekulimaleni.

Ukufa kuvame ukubangelwa izinkinga (njengezinye izifo), kunokuba kubangelwe yisifo uqobo. Ukufa kuvame ukwenzeka kungakapheli iminyaka emibili.

I-Leishmaniasis ingaholela kokulandelayo:

• Ukopha (ukopha)
• Izifo ezibulalayo ngenxa yokulimala komzimba
• Ukukhubazeka kobuso

Xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho uma unezimpawu ze-leishmaniasis ngemuva kokuvakashela indawo lapho kwaziwa khona ukuthi lesi sifo sikhona.

Ukuthatha izinyathelo zokugwema ukulunywa yisandfly kungasiza ekuvimbeleni i-leishmaniasis:

• Ukubeka inetha elicolekileyo elizungeze umbhede (ezindaweni lapho kwenzeka khona lesi sifo)
• Ukuhlola amawindi
• Ukugqoka okuxosha izinambuzane
• Ukugqoka izingubo zokuzivikela

Izindlela zezempilo zomphakathi zokunciphisa izinhlwathi zibalulekile. Ayikho imishanguzo noma imithi evimbela i-leishmaniasis.

I-Kala-azar; Leishmaniasis enqamulelayo; I-visceral leishmaniasis; I-leishmaniasis yezwe elidala; Umhlaba omusha leishmaniasis

• I-Leishmaniasis
• Leishmaniasis, mexicana - isilonda esihlathini
• I-Leishmaniasis emnweni
• ILeishmania panamensis onyaweni
• Leishmania panamensis - ukusondela

U-Aronson NE, uCopeland NK, uMagill AJ. Izinhlobo zeLeishmania: i-visceral (kala-azar), i-cutaneous, ne-mucosal leishmaniasis. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, uHlelo Olubuyekeziwe. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2020: isahluko 275.

UBogitsh BJ, uCarter CE, u-Oeltmann TN. Amaprotheni egazi nezicubu I: ama-hemoflagellates. Ku: Bogitsh BJ, Carter CE, Oeltmann TN, eds. I-Parasitology Yabantu. Umhlaka 5. ILondon, e-UK: I-Elsevier Academic Press; 2019: isahluko 6.