I-Neuroblastoma

I-Neuroblastoma uhlobo olungajwayelekile kakhulu lwesimila somdlavuza esivela ezicutshini zemizwa. Imvamisa kwenzeka ezinganeni nasezinganeni.

I-Neuroblastoma ingenzeka ezindaweni eziningi zomzimba. Iqala kusuka kwizicubu ezakha isistimu yezinzwa ezwelayo. Le yingxenye yesistimu yezinzwa elawula ukusebenza komzimba, njengokushaya kwenhliziyo nomfutho wegazi, ukugaya ukudla, namazinga amahomoni athile.

Iningi le-neuroblastomas liqala esiswini, ku-adrenal gland, eduze komgogodla, noma esifubeni. I-Neuroblastomas ingasakazeka emathanjeni. Amathambo afaka lawo ebusweni, ugebhezi, ukhalo, amahlombe, izingalo nemilenze. Ingasakazeka nasemnkantsheni wethambo, isibindi, ama-lymph node, isikhumba, naseduze kwamehlo (ama-orbits).

Ayaziwa imbangela yalesi sifo. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi ukukhubazeka kwezakhi zofuzo kungadlala indima ethile. Ingxenye yamathumba ikhona lapho izalwa. I-Neuroblastoma ivame ukutholakala ezinganeni ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala eyi-5. Unyaka nonyaka kunamacala amasha angama-700 e-United States. Lesi sifo sivame kakhulu kubafana.

Kubantu abaningi, isimila sisakazekile lapho sitholwa okokuqala.

Izimpawu zokuqala imvamisa umkhuhlane, ukugula okujwayelekile (i-malaise), nobuhlungu. Kungase kube nokulahlekelwa ukudla, ukulahleka kwesisindo, nohudo.

Ezinye izimpawu zixhomeke endaweni yesimila, futhi zingafaka:

• Ubuhlungu bethambo noma isisa (uma umdlavuza ususabalele emathanjeni)
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula noma ukukhwehlela okungapheli (uma umdlavuza usakaze esifubeni)
• Isisu esandisiwe (kusuka kwesimila esikhulu noma uketshezi oluningi)
• Isikhumba esibomvu, esibomvu
• Isikhumba esiphaphathekile nombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nxazonke zamehlo
• Ujuluke kakhulu
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo (tachycardia)

Izinkinga zobuchopho nezesistimu yezinzwa zingafaka:

• Ukungakwazi ukukhipha isinye
• Ukulahlekelwa ukunyakaza (ukukhubazeka) kwezinqulu, imilenze, noma izinyawo (emaphethelweni aphansi)
• Izinkinga ngebhalansi
• Ukuhamba kwamehlo okungalawulwa noma ukunyakaza kwemilenze nezinyawo (okubizwa nge-opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome, noma "amehlo okudansa nezinyawo zokudansa")

Umhlinzeki wezempilo uzohlola ingane. Ngokuya ngendawo yesimila:

• Kungaba nesigaxa noma isisindo esiswini.
• Isibindi singakhuliswa, uma isimila sesinabele esibindini.
• Kungaba nomfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo uma isimila sisendlala ye-adrenal.
• Ama-lymph node angavuvukala.

I-X-ray noma okunye ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging kwenziwa ukuze kutholakale isimila esiyinhloko (sokuqala) nokubona ukuthi sisabalale kuphi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Ukuskena kwamathambo
• Amathambo ama-x-ray
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• I-CT scan yesifuba nesisu
• Ukuhlolwa kwesifuba nesisu kwe-MRI

Olunye uvivinyo olungenziwa lubandakanya:

• I-biopsy ye-tumor
• I-bone marrow biopsy
• Qedela ukubalwa kwegazi (CBC) okukhombisa ukungabi khona kwegazi noma okunye okungajwayelekile
• Izifundo ze-Coagulation kanye nesilinganiso se-erythrocyte sedimentation (ESR)
• Ukuhlolwa kwehormone (ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola amazinga ama-hormone afana nama-catecholamines)
• Ukuskena kwe-MIBG (ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging ukuqinisekisa ubukhona be-neuroblastoma)
• Ukuhlolwa kwamahora angama-24 kwama-catecholamines, i-homovanillic acid (HVA), ne-vanillymandelic acid (VMA)

Ukwelashwa kuncike ku:

• Indawo yesimila
• Ingakanani nokuthi isimila sisabalale kuphi
• Iminyaka yomuntu

Kwezinye izimo, ukuhlinza kukodwa kwanele. Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi kunezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Kunganconywa imithi elwa namagciwane (i-chemotherapy) uma isimila sesisakazekile.Ukwelashwa ngemisebe nakho kungasetshenziswa.

Kusetshenziswa ne-chemotherapy ephezulu, i-autologous stem cell transplantation, kanye ne-immunotherapy.

Unganciphisa ukucindezela kokugula ngokujoyina iqembu lokusekela umdlavuza. Ukwabelana nabanye abanokuhlangenwe nakho okuvamile nezinkinga kungasiza wena nengane yakho ukuthi ningazizwa ninodwa.

Umphumela uyehluka. Ezinganeni ezisencane kakhulu, isimila singazimela sodwa, ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Noma, izicubu zesimila zingakhula futhi zikhule zibe isimila esingewona umdlavuza (esibi) esibizwa nge-ganglioneuroma, esingasuswa ngokuhlinzwa. Kwezinye izimo, isimila sisakazeka ngokushesha.

Impendulo ekwelashweni nayo iyahlukahluka. Ukwelashwa kuvame ukuphumelela uma umdlavuza ungasakazeki. Uma isisakazekile, i-neuroblastoma inzima ukuyelapha. Izingane ezincane zivame ukwenza kangcono kunezingane ezindala.

Izingane ezilashelwa i-neuroblastoma zingaba sengozini yokuthola umdlavuza wesibili, ohlukile ngokuzayo.

Izinkinga zingafaka:

• Spread (metastasis) yesimila
• Ukulimala kanye nokulahleka kokusebenza kwezitho ezithintekayo

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma ingane yakho inezimpawu ze-neuroblastoma. Ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa kusenesikhathi kuthuthukisa ithuba lomphumela omuhle.

Umdlavuza - i-neuroblastoma

• I-Neuroblastoma esibindini - i-CT scan

UDome JS, uRodriguez-Galindo C, uSpunt SL, uSantana VM. Izimila eziqinile zezingane. Ku: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Doroshow JH, Kastan MB, Tepper JE, abahleli. I-Abeloff’s Clinical Oncology. Umhlaka 5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2014: isahluko 95.

Iwebhusayithi yeNational Cancer Institute. Ukwelashwa kwe-Neuroblastoma (PDQ) - inguqulo yezobuchwepheshe yezempilo. www.cancer.gov/types/neuroblastoma/hp/neuroblastoma- ukwelashwa-pdq. Kubuyekezwe u-Agasti 17, 2018. Kufinyelelwe ngoNovemba 12, 2018.