Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

I-Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) yisifo sobuchopho esiqhubekayo, esikhubazayo nesibulalayo esihlobene nokutheleleka kwemasisi (rubeola).

Lesi sifo siqala iminyaka eminingi ngemuva kokutheleleka ngesimungumungwane.

Ngokuvamile, igciwane lesimungumungwane alibangeli ukulimala ebuchosheni. Kodwa-ke, impendulo engajwayelekile yokuzivikela kumasimusi noma, mhlawumbe, izinhlobo ezithile zegciwane ezingaguquki zingadala ukugula okunzima nokufa. Le mpendulo iholela ekuvukeleni kobuchopho (ukuvuvukala nokucasuka) okungahlala iminyaka.

I-SSPE ibikiwe kuzo zonke izingxenye zomhlaba, kepha emazweni asentshonalanga kuyisifo esingajwayelekile.

Ambalwa kakhulu amacala abonakalayo e-United States selokhu kwaqala uhlelo lokugomela isimungumungwane ezweni lonke. I-SSPE ijwayele ukwenzeka ngemuva kweminyaka eminingi umuntu eba nesimungumungwane, noma ngabe umuntu ubukeka eseluleme ngokuphelele ekuguleni. Abesilisa bavame ukuthinteka kakhulu kunabesifazane. Lesi sifo sivame ukwenzeka ezinganeni nasebusheni.

Izimpawu ze-SSPE zenzeka ngezigaba ezine ezijwayelekile. Ngesigaba ngasinye, izimpawu zimbi kakhulu kunesigaba esedlule:

• Isigaba I: Kungaba nezinguquko zobuntu, ukushintsha kwemizwelo, noma ukucindezeleka. Imfiva nekhanda nakho kungaba khona. Lesi sigaba singahlala izinyanga eziyisithupha.
• Isigaba II: Kungahle kube nezinkinga zokuhamba ezingalawulwa kufaka phakathi i-jerking ne-spasms. Ezinye izimpawu ezingase zivele kulesi sigaba ukulahleka kombono, ukuwohloka komqondo, nokuquleka.
• Isigaba III: Ukunyakaza kweJerking kuthathelwa indawo ukunyakaza kokujija (ukusonta) nokuqina. Ukufa kungenzeka ngenxa yezinkinga.
• Isigaba IV: Izindawo zobuchopho ezilawula ukuphefumula, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, nomfutho wegazi kuyalimala. Lokhu kuholela ekuqulekeni bese kuba ukufa.

Kungaba nomlando wesimungumungwane enganeni engagonyiwe. Ukuhlolwa komzimba kungaveza:

• Ukulimala kwe-nerve optic, enesibopho sokubona
• Ukulimala ku-retina, ingxenye yeso elithola ukukhanya
• Ukudikiza kwemisipha
• Ukusebenza kabi ekuhlolweni kokuxhumanisa izimoto (ukunyakaza)

Ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kungenziwa:

• I-Electroencephalogram (EEG)
• I-Brain MRI
• Isihloko se-serum antibody ukubheka izimpawu zokutheleleka kwangaphambili kwesimungumungwane
• Thepha umgogodla

Alikho ikhambi le-SSPE elikhona. Ukwelashwa ngokuvamile kuhlose ukulawula izimpawu. Izidakamizwa ezithile ezilwa namagciwane nezidakamizwa ezikhuthaza amasosha omzimba kungazanywa ukunciphisa ukukhula kwesifo.

Izinsizakusebenza ezilandelayo zinganikeza imininingwane eminingi nge-SSPE:

• I-National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke - www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Subacute-Sclerosing-Panencephalitis-Information-Page
• Inhlangano Kazwelonke Yezinkinga Ezingajwayelekile - rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/subacute-sclerosing-panencephalitis/

I-SSPE ihlala ibulala. Abantu abanalesi sifo bafa eminyakeni eyi-1 kuya kwengu-3 ngemuva kokutholakala Abanye abantu bangaphila isikhathi eside.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uma ingane yakho ingakaqedi imigomo yayo ehleliwe. Umuthi wokugomela isimungumungwane ufakiwe emgomeni weMMR.

Ukugoma isimungumungwane ukuphela kwendlela yokuvikela i-SSPE. Umuthi wokugomela isimungumungwane usebenze kakhulu ekwehliseni izibalo zezingane ezithintekile.

Ukugomela isimungumungwane kufanele kwenziwe ngokuya ngencomo ye-American Academy of Pediatrics kanye neCenters for Disease Control schedule.

I-SSPE; I-subacute sclerosing leukoencephalitis; I-Dawson encephalitis; Imasisi - SSPE; Rubeola - SSPE

IGershon AA. Igciwane lesimungumungwane (rubeola). Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 160.

UMason WH, amaGans HA. Imasisi. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 273.