Ukuphazamiseka kwenkulumo - izingane

Inkinga yokukhuluma yisimo lapho umuntu enenkinga yokwakha noma yokwakha imisindo yokukhuluma edingekayo ukuxhumana nabanye. Lokhu kungenza inkulumo yengane kube nzima ukuyiqonda.

Izinkinga zokukhuluma ezivamile yilezi:

• Ukuphazamiseka kwamagama
• Ukuphazamiseka kwemisindo
• Ukungathandeki
• Ukuphazamiseka kwezwi noma ukuphazamiseka kwemisindo

Ukuphazamiseka kwenkulumo kwehlukile kokuphazamiseka kolimi ezinganeni. Izinkinga zolimi zibhekisa kumuntu onobunzima nge:

• Ukudlulisela incazelo yabo noma umyalezo kwabanye (ulimi oluzwakalayo)
• Ukuqonda umlayezo ovela kwabanye (ulimi olwamukelayo)

Inkulumo ingenye yezindlela eziyinhloko zokuxhumana nalabo abasizungezile. Ikhula ngokwemvelo, kanye nezinye izimpawu zokukhula okujwayelekile nentuthuko. Ukuphazamiseka kwenkulumo nolimi kuvamile ezinganeni ezineminyaka yobudala esenkulisa.

Ukungahambisani kahle nokuphazamiseka lapho umuntu ephinda umsindo, igama noma ibinzana. Ukungingiza kungaba ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kakhulu. Kungabangelwa:

• Ukungajwayelekile kofuzo
• Ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo
• Noma yikuphi ukuhlukumezeka ebuchosheni noma ekuthelelekeni

Ukuphazanyiswa kokuchazwa kwamagama nokuvela kwemisindo kungenzeka kwamanye amalungu omndeni. Ezinye izimbangela zifaka:

• Izinkinga noma izinguquko esakhiweni noma ekubunjweni kwemisipha namathambo asetshenziselwa ukwenza imisindo yenkulumo. Lezi zinguquko zingafaka phakathi inkinga yenkalakahla nezinyo.
• Ukulimala kwezingxenye zobuchopho noma izinzwa (njengokukhubazeka kwengqondo) okulawula ukuthi imisipha isebenza kanjani ukudala inkulumo.
• Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa.

Ukuphazamiseka kwezwi kudalwa yizinkinga lapho umoya udlula emaphashini, ngezintambo zezwi, bese udlula emphinjeni, ekhaleni, emlonyeni nasezindebeni. Ukuphazamiseka kwezwi kungabangelwa:

• I-acid kusuka esiswini iya phezulu (GERD)
• Umdlavuza womphimbo
• Ulwanga oluhlanzekile noma ezinye izinkinga nge-palate
• Izimo ezilimaza izinzwa ezinikeza imisipha yezintambo zezwi
• Ama-laryngeal webs noma imifantu (ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa lapho ungqimba oluncane lwethishu luphakathi kwezintambo zezwi)
• Izikhukhula ezingadli umdlavuza (ama-polyps, amaqhubu, ama-cysts, ama-granulomas, ama-papillomas noma izilonda) ezintanjeni
• Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwezintambo zezwi ekumemezeni, ekuhlanzeni umphimbo njalo, noma ekuculeni
• Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa

UKUTHUTHUKISWA

Ukungingiza uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokungathandeki.

Izimpawu zokungahambi kahle zingabandakanya:

• Ukuphindwa kwemisindo, amagama, noma izingxenye zamagama noma imishwana ngemuva kweminyaka yobudala engu-4 (Ngifuna ... Ngifuna unodoli wami. Ngi ... ngiyakubona.)
• Ukufaka (ukungenelela) imisindo noma amagama angeziwe (Saya esitolo se ... uh ...
• Ukwenza amagama abe made (nginguBoooobbby Jones.)
• Ukumisa isikhashana ngesikhathi somusho noma kwamagama, imvamisa nezindebe zihlangene
• Ukuqina kwezwi noma imisindo
• Ukukhungatheka ngemizamo yokuxhumana
• Ikhanda liyaduma ngenkathi kukhulunywa
• Iso licwayiza ngenkathi likhuluma
• Amahloni ngenkulumo

ISIQINISEKISO SEZIBALO

Ingane ayikwazi ukuveza imisindo yokukhuluma ngokucacile, njengokusho "coo" esikhundleni sokuthi "isikole."

• Imisindo ethile (efana "r", "l", noma "s") ingahle ihlanekezelwe noma iguqulwe ngokungaguquguquki (njengokukwenza umsindo wekhwela).
• Amaphutha angenza kube nzima ukuthi abantu baqonde umuntu (amalungu omndeni kuphela angakwazi ukuqonda ingane).

Ukuphazamiseka KWEZOMOYA

Ingane ayisebenzisi eminye noma yonke imisindo yenkulumo ukwakha amagama njengoba kulindelwe iminyaka yawo.

• Umsindo wokugcina noma wokuqala wamagama (imvamisa ongwaqa) angashiywa ngaphandle noma aguqulwe.
• Ingane kungenzeka ingabi nankinga yokubiza umsindo ofanayo ngamanye amagama (ingane ingathi "boo" ye "book" ne "pi" ye "pig", kepha kungenzeka ingabi nankinga yokuthi "key" noma "go").

IZINKINGA ZEZWI

Ezinye izinkinga zokukhuluma zifaka:

• Ukuhhahhameza noma ukugqabhuka kwezwi
• Izwi lingangena noma liphume
• Ukuphakama kwezwi kungashintsha ngokuzumayo
• Izwi lingaba phezulu kakhulu noma lithambe kakhulu
• Umuntu angaphelelwa umoya ngesikhathi somusho
• Inkulumo ingazwakala ingaqondakali ngoba umoya omningi uphuma nge-hose (hypernasality) noma umoya omncane kakhulu uphuma ngamakhala (ukuzenzisa)

Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzobuza ngomlando wokukhula nomndeni wengane yakho. Umhlinzeki uzokwenza ukuhlolwa kwezinzwa futhi ahlole:

• Ukukhuluma kahle
• Noma yikuphi ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo
• Noma yisiphi isimo esingaphansi
• Umphumela wokuphazamiseka kokukhuluma empilweni yansuku zonke

Amanye amathuluzi wokuhlola asetshenziselwa ukukhomba nokuhlonza ukuphazamiseka kwenkulumo yilawa:

• Ukuhlolwa KweDenver Articulation Screening.
• Isikali se-Leiter International Performance-3.
• Ukuhlolwa kweGoldman-Fristoe Articulation 3 (GFTA-3).
• I-Arizona Articulation kanye ne-Phonology Scale 4th Revision (Arizona-4).
• Iphrofayili yokuhlola ngezwi le-Prosody.

Ukuhlolwa kokuzwa kungenziwa futhi ukukhipha ukulahleka kokuzwa njengesizathu sokuphazamiseka kokukhuluma.

Izingane zingaphumelela kunezinhlobo ezinzima zokuphazamiseka kwenkulumo. Uhlobo lokwelashwa luzoncika ebucayi benkinga yokukhuluma nembangela yayo.

Ukwelashwa kwenkulumo kungasiza ngezimpawu ezinzima kakhulu noma yiziphi izinkinga zenkulumo ezingathuthuki.

Ekwelashweni, umelaphi angafundisa ingane yakho ukuthi ilusebenzisa kanjani ulimi lwayo ukudala imisindo ethile.

Uma ingane inenkinga yokukhuluma, abazali bakhuthazwa ukuthi:

• Gwema ukuveza ukukhathazeka okukhulu ngenkinga, okungenza izinto zibe zimbi ngokwengeziwe ngokwenza ingane ikwazi ukuzinyeza.
• Gwema izimo zomphakathi ezicindezelayo lapho kungenzeka.
• Lalela ngesineke ingane, thinta iso, ungaphazamisi, futhi ubonise uthando nokwamukela. Gwema ukubaqedela imisho.
• Bekela eceleni isikhathi sokukhuluma.

Lezi zinhlangano ezilandelayo ziyizinsizakusebenza ezinhle zokwaziswa ngokuphazamiseka kwenkulumo nokwelashwa kwayo:

• Isikhungo saseMelika se-Stuttering - stutteringtreatment.org
• I-American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) - www.asha.org/
• Isisekelo Samalimi - www.stutteringhelp.org
• Inhlangano Kazwelonke Yamalimi (NSA) - westutter.org

I-Outlook incike embangela yokuphazamiseka. Inkulumo ingathuthukiswa ngokwelashwa kwenkulumo. Ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kungenzeka kube nemiphumela engcono.

Ukuphazamiseka kwenkulumo kungaholela ezinseleleni ngokuxhumana nabantu ngenxa yobunzima bokuxhumana.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uma:

• Inkulumo yengane yakho ayithuthuki ngokuya ngezinyathelo ezijwayelekile.
• Ucabanga ukuthi ingane yakho iseqenjini elisengozini enkulu.
• Ingane yakho ikhombisa izimpawu zokuphazamiseka kokukhuluma.

Ukuzwa ukulahlekelwa kuyimbangela yokuphazamiseka kokukhuluma. Izinsana ezisengcupheni kufanele zidluliselwe kudokotela wezwi ukuze kuhlolwe ukuzwa. Ukuzwa nokwelashwa kokukhuluma kungaqalwa, uma kunesidingo.

Njengoba izingane ezincane ziqala ukukhuluma, ukungajabuli okuthile kuvamile, futhi isikhathi esiningi, kuyaphela kungalashwa. Uma unaka kakhulu ukungathandeki, kungahle kube nephethini lokungingiza.

Ukushoda kwamazwi; Ukuphazamiseka kwamazwi; Ukuphazamiseka kwemisindo; Ukuphazamiseka kwezwi; Ukuphazamiseka kwezwi; Ukungahambi kahle; Ukuphazamiseka kwezokuxhumana - ukuphazamiseka kwenkulumo; Ukuphazamiseka kwenkulumo - ukungingiza; Imfuhlumfuhlu; Ngingingiza; Ukuphazamiseka kokuqephuza kwengane

Iwebhusayithi ye-American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. Ukuphazamiseka kwezwi. www.asha.org/Practice-Portal/Clinical-Topics/Izwi-ukuphazamiseka/. Kufinyelelwe ngoJanuwari 1, 2020.

I-Simms MD. Ukukhula kolimi nokuphazamiseka kokuxhumana. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 52.

ITrauner DA, uNass RD. Izinkinga zokukhula kolimi. Ku: Swaiman KF, Ashwal S, Ferriero DM, et al, abahleli. I-Swaiman's Pediatric Neurology: Izimiso kanye Nokuzijwayeza. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2017: isahluko 53.

UZajac DJ. Ukuhlolwa nokuphathwa kokuphazamiseka kwenkulumo kwesiguli esinenkalakahla ecacile. Ku: Fonseca RJ, ed. Ukuhlinzwa ngomlomo nangamaMaxillofacial. 3rd ed. ISt Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 32.