Ukugembula okuphoqayo

Ukugembula okuyimpoqo akukwazi ukumelana nezinkanuko zokugembula. Lokhu kungaholela ezinkingeni zemali ezinzima, ukulahleka kwemisebenzi, ubugebengu noma ukukhwabanisa, nokonakala ebudlelwaneni bomndeni.

Ukugembula okuphoqayo kuvame ukuqala ebusheni bokuqala emadodeni, naphakathi kweminyaka yobudala engama-20 nengama-40 kwabesifazane.

Abantu abanokuphoqa ukugembula bakuthola kunzima ukulwa noma ukulawula isifiso sokugembula. Ubuchopho busabela kulesi sifiso ngendlela efanayo nesabela ngayo kumuntu oluthwa utshwala noma izidakamizwa. Yize yabelana ngezici zokuphazamiseka okucindezela ngokweqile, ukugembula okucindezelayo kungenzeka kube yisimo esihlukile.

Kubantu abahlakulela ukugembula okuyimpoqo, ukugembula ngezikhathi ezithile kuholela kumkhuba wokugembula. Izimo ezicindezelayo zingadala izinkinga zokugembula.

Abantu abanenkinga yokugembula bavame ukuba namahloni futhi bazame ukugwema ukwazisa abanye abantu ngenkinga yabo. I-American Psychiatric Association ichaza ukugembula okungokwemvelo njengokuthi kunezimpawu ezi-5 noma ngaphezulu zalezi ezilandelayo:

• Ukwenza ubugebengu ukuthola imali yokugembula.
• Ukuzizwa ungahlaliseki noma uthukuthele lapho uzama ukunciphisa noma ukuyeka ukugembula.
• Ukugembula ukuze ubalekele izinkinga noma imizwa yosizi noma ukukhathazeka.
• Ukugembula imali eningi ukuzama ukubuyisa ukulahlekelwa okwedlule.
• Ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi, ubudlelwano, imfundo, noma ithuba lomsebenzi ngenxa yokugembula.
• Ukuqamba amanga mayelana nesikhathi noma imali esetshenziswe ekugembuleni.
• Ukwenza imizamo eminingi engaphumelelanga yokunciphisa noma yokuyeka ukugembula.
• Ukudinga ukuboleka imali ngenxa yokulahlekelwa ukugembula.
• Kudingeka ukugembula isizumbulu semali ukuze uzizwe ujabule.
• Ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi ucabanga ngokugembula, njengokukhumbula okwedlule noma izindlela zokuthola imali eningi yokugembula.

Ukuhlolwa kwengqondo nomlando kungasetshenziswa ukuxilonga ukugembula kwezifo. Amathuluzi wokuhlola afana ne-Gamblers Anonymous 20 Questions www.gamblersanonymous.org/ga/content/20-questions angasiza ekuxilongweni.

Ukwelashwa kwabantu ngokugembula okucindezelayo kuqala ngokwazi inkinga. Abagembuli abaphoqayo bavame ukuphika ukuthi banenkinga noma badinga ukwelashwa.

Iningi labantu abanokugembula kwe-pathological lilashwa kuphela lapho abanye abantu belicindezela.

Izinketho zokwelashwa zifaka:

• Ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo (CBT).
• Amaqembu wokuzisiza, afana neGamblers Anonymous. Abagembuli abangaziwa www.gamblersanonymous.org/ uhlelo lwezinyathelo eziyi-12 olufana ne-Alcoholics Anonymous. Imikhuba esetshenziselwa ukwelapha ezinye izinhlobo zokulutha, njengokusebenzisa izidakamizwa nokusetshenziswa kotshwala, nakho kungasiza ekwelapheni ukugembula okubangelwa izifo.
• Kwenziwe izifundo ezimbalwa emithini yokwelapha ukugembula okuyimpoqo. Imiphumela yokuqala iphakamisa ukuthi ama-antidepressants kanye nama-opioid antagonists (naltrexone) angasiza ekwelapheni izimpawu zokugembula kwezifo. Kodwa-ke, okwamanje akukacaci ukuthi yibaphi abantu abazobaphendula emithini.

Njengokulutha utshwala noma izidakamizwa, ukugembula okuyisifo yisifo sesikhathi eside esivame ukuba sibi kakhulu ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Ngisho nangokwelashwa, kuvamile ukuqala ukugembula futhi (ukubuyela emuva). Kodwa-ke, abantu abanokugembula kwe-pathological bangenza kahle kakhulu ngokwelashwa okulungile.

Izinkinga zingafaka:

• Izinkinga zokusetshenziswa kotshwala nezidakamizwa
• Ukukhathazeka
• Ukucindezeleka
• Izinkinga zezezimali, zenhlalo nezomthetho (kufaka phakathi ukuqothuka, idivosi, ukulahleka kwemisebenzi, isikhathi ejele)
• Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo (kusuka ekucindezelekeni nasenjabulweni yokugembula)
• Imizamo yokuzibulala

Ukuthola ukwelashwa okufanele kungasiza ekuvikeleni eziningi zalezi zinkinga.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo noma uchwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo uma ukholwa ukuthi unezimpawu zokugembula kwezifo.

Ukuvezwa kwezokugembula kungakhuphula ubungozi bokuthuthukisa ukugembula okungokwemvelo. Ukunciphisa ukuvezwa kungasiza kubantu abasengozini. Ukungenelela ngezimpawu zokuqala zokugembula kwezifo kungavimbela lesi sifo ukuba sibhebhetheke.

Ukugembula - ukuphoqa; Ukugembula okungokwemvelo; Ukugembula okuluthayo

Iwebhusayithi yeAmerican Psychiatric Association. Izinkinga ezingahlobene nezidakamizwa. Ku: I-American Psychiatric Association. Incwajana Yokuhlola Nezibalo Yezinkinga Zengqondo. Umhlaka 5. I-Arlington, VA: Ukushicilelwa Kwe-Psychiatric yaseMelika. 2013: 585-589.

I-Balodis IM, Potenza MN. I-biology kanye nokwelashwa kokuphazamiseka kokugembula. Ku: Johnson BA, ed. Umlutha Wezokwelapha: Isayensi Nokuzijwayeza. Okwesibili. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 33.

I-Weissman AR, iGould CM, iSanders KM. Ukuphazamiseka kokulawula umfutho. Ku: Stern TA, Fava M, Wilens TE, Rosenbaum JF, ama-eds. IMassachusetts General Hospital Comprehensive Clinical Psychiatry. Okwesibili. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 23.