Ukuphazamiseka kolimi ezinganeni

Ukuphazamiseka kolimi ezinganeni kusho izinkinga ngokunye kwalokhu okulandelayo:

• Ukudlulisela incazelo yabo noma umyalezo kwabanye (isichazamazwi solimi esivezayo)
• Ukuqonda umlayezo ovela kwabanye (ukwamukela ulimi oluphazamisayo)

Izingane ezinenkinga yolimi ziyakwazi ukuveza imisindo, futhi nenkulumo yazo iyaqondakala.

Ezinsaneni eziningi nasezinganeni, ulimi lukhula ngokwemvelo ekuqaleni kokuzalwa. Ukuthuthukisa ulimi, ingane kufanele ikwazi ukuzwa, ukubona, ukuqonda, nokukhumbula. Izingane kufanele futhi zibe nekhono lomzimba lokwenza inkulumo.

Kuze kube yingane eyodwa kwezingu-20 enezimpawu zokuphazamiseka kolimi. Lapho imbangela ingaziwa, ibizwa ngokuthi yintuthuko yolimi.

Izinkinga ngamakhono olimi olwamukelayo zivame ukuqala ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala engu-4. Ezinye izinkinga zolimi ezixubekile zibangelwa ukulimala ebuchosheni. Lezi zimo kwesinye isikhathi zitholwa ngokungafanele njengezinkinga zentuthuko.

Ukuphazamiseka kolimi kungenzeka ezinganeni ezinezinye izinkinga zokukhula, i-autism spectrum disorder, ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa, nokukhubazeka ekufundeni. Ukuphazamiseka kolimi nakho kungabangelwa ukulimala kwesistimu yezinzwa ephakathi, ebizwa nge-aphasia.

Ukuphazamiseka kolimi akuvamile ukubangelwa ukuntuleka kobuhlakani.

Izinkinga zolimi zihlukile kunolimi olubambezelekile. Ngolimi olubambezelekile, ingane iqala ukukhuluma nolimi ngendlela efanayo nezinye izingane, kodwa kamuva. Ekuphazamisekeni kolimi, ukukhuluma nolimi akukhule ngendlela ejwayelekile. Ingane ingaba namakhono athile olimi, kepha hhayi amanye. Noma, indlela la makghono akhula ngayo izohluka kunokwejwayelekile.

Ingane enenkinga yolimi ingaba nesifo esisodwa noma ezimbili ezibalwe ngezansi, noma eziningi zezimpawu. Izimpawu zingahluka kusuka kumnene kuya kokubi.

Izingane ezinenkinga yolimi olwamukelayo zinobunzima bokuqonda ulimi. Bangaba:

• Isikhathi esinzima ukuqonda okushiwo abanye abantu
• Izinkinga zokulandela izinkomba ezikhulunywa kubo
• Izinkinga ukuhlela imicabango yabo

Izingane ezinenkinga yolimi ezwakalayo zinenkinga yokusebenzisa ulimi ukuveza lokho ezikucabangayo noma ezikudingayo. Lezi zingane zinga:

• Unobunzima bokuhlanganisa amagama emishweni, noma imisho yabo ingaba lula futhi ibe mfushane futhi ukuhleleka kwamagama kungavalwa
• Unenkinga yokuthola amagama afanele lapho ukhuluma, futhi uvame ukusebenzisa amagama okubamba njenge "um"
• Yiba nesilulumagama esingaphansi kwezinga lezinye izingane ezineminyaka efanayo
• Shiya amagama ngaphandle kwemisho lapho ukhuluma
• Sebenzisa amabinzana athile kaninginingi, bese uphinda (ama-echo) izingxenye noma yonke imibuzo
• Sebenzisa izinkathi (ezedlule, ezamanje, ezizayo) ngokungafanele

Ngenxa yezinkinga zabo zolimi, lezi zingane zingaba nobunzima ezindaweni zomphakathi. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuphazamiseka kolimi kungaba yingxenye yezimbangela zezinkinga ezinzima zokuziphatha.

Umlando wezokwelapha ungaveza ukuthi ingane inezihlobo eziseduze nazo ebezinezinkinga zokukhuluma nezolimi.

Noma iyiphi ingane esolwa ukuthi inalesi sifo ingaba nokuhlolwa kolimi okulalelayo nokucacile. Uchwepheshe wezinkulumo nolimi noma i-neuropsychologist bazokuphatha lezi zivivinyo.

Ukuhlolwa kokuzwa okubizwa nge-audiometry kufanele futhi kwenziwe ukuze kukhishwe isithulu, okungenye yezimbangela ezivame kakhulu zezinkinga zolimi.

Ukwelashwa kwenkulumo nokukhuluma kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokwelapha lolu hlobo lokuphazamiseka kolimi.

Ukwelulekwa ngokomqondo, njengokwelashwa ngezinkulumo, kuyanconywa futhi ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka kube nezinkinga ezihlobene ngokomzwelo noma zokuziphatha.

Umphumela uyehluka, kuya ngesizathu. Ukulimala kobuchopho noma ezinye izinkinga zesakhiwo ngokuvamile ziba nomphumela omubi, lapho ingane izoba nezinkinga zesikhathi eside ngolimi. Ezinye izimbangela ezibuyela emuva zingelashwa ngempumelelo.

Izingane eziningi ezinezinkinga zolimi phakathi neminyaka yasenkulisa nazo zizoba nezinkinga ezithile zolimi noma ubunzima bokufunda kamuva ebuntwaneni. Bangaba nezinkinga zokufunda.

Ukuqonda okunzima nokusebenzisa ulimi kungadala izinkinga ngokuxhumana nomphakathi kanye nokukwazi ukusebenza ngokuzimela njengomuntu omdala.

Ukufunda kungaba yinkinga.

Ukudana, ukukhathazeka, nezinye izinkinga ezingokomzwelo noma zokuziphatha kungahle kube nzima ukuphazamiseka kolimi.

Abazali abakhathazekile ngokuthi inkulumo noma ulimi lwengane yabo lubambezelekile kufanele babone udokotela wengane yabo. Buza mayelana nokudluliselwa kumelaphi wezinkulumo nolimi.

Izingane ezitholwa zinalesi simo zingadinga ukubonwa ngudokotela wezinzwa noma uchwepheshe wezentuthuko yezingane ukuthola ukuthi imbangela ingalashwa yini.

Shayela udokotela wengane yakho uma ubona lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo zokuthi ingane yakho ayiluzwa kahle ulimi:

• Ezinyangeni eziyi-15, akubheki noma kukhombe abantu abayi-5 kuye kwayi-10 noma izinto lapho beqanjwa ngumzali noma umnakekeli
• Ezinyangeni eziyi-18, ayilandeli izinkomba ezilula, ezinjengokuthi "thola ijazi lakho"
• Ezinyangeni ezingama-24, ayikwazi ukukhomba isithombe noma ingxenye yomzimba lapho ibizwa
• Ezinyangeni ezingama-30, ayiphenduli ngokuzwakalayo noma ngokunqekuzisa ikhanda noma ngokunikina ikhanda nangokubuza imibuzo
• Ezinyangeni ezingama-36, ayilandeli izinkomba eziyizinyathelo ezimbili, futhi ayiwaqondi amagama ezenzo

Fonela futhi uma ubona lezi zimpawu zokuthi ingane yakho ayilusebenzisi noma aluvezi kahle ulimi:

• Ezinyangeni eziyi-15, akukhona ukusebenzisa amagama amathathu
• Ngezinyanga eziyi-18, akusho ukuthi, "Mama," "Dada," noma amanye amagama
• Ezinyangeni ezingama-24, akasebenzisi okungenani amagama angama-25
• Ezinyangeni ezingama-30, ayisebenzisi imishwana yamagama amabili, kufaka phakathi imishwana efaka phakathi ibizo nesenzo
• Ezinyangeni ezingama-36, ayinaso okungenani isilulumagama samagama angama-200, ayiceli izinto ngamagama, iphinda ngqo imibuzo ekhulunyelwa abanye, ulimi lwehlile (lwaba lubi kakhulu), noma alusebenzisi imisho ephelele
• Ezinyangeni ezingama-48, uvame ukusebenzisa amagama ngokungafanele noma asebenzise igama elifanayo noma elihlobene esikhundleni segama elifanele

Intuthuko aphasia; Intuthuko i-dysphasia; Ulimi olubambezelekile; Ukuphazamiseka kolimi okuqondile; SLI; Ukuphazamiseka kwezokuxhumana - ukuphazamiseka kolimi

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. Ukuphazamiseka kolimi nokukhuluma ezinganeni. www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/childdevelopment/limi-disorders.html. Kubuyekezwe ngoMashi 9, 2020. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Agasti 21, 2020.

I-Simms MD. Ukukhula kolimi nokuphazamiseka kokuxhumana. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 52.

ITrauner DA, uNass RD. Izinkinga zokukhula kolimi. Ku: Swaiman KF, Ashwal S, Ferriero DM, et al, abahleli. I-Swaiman's Pediatric Neurology: Izimiso kanye Nokuzijwayeza. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2017: isahluko 53.