Ubukeka Kanjani Umdlavuza Wesikhumba?

-Delile

• Uyini umdlavuza wesikhumba?
• Sisebenza kanjani isikhumba sakho
• Izithombe zomdlavuza wesikhumba
• I-Actinic keratosis
• I-basal cell carcinoma
• I-squamous cell carcinoma
• I-Melanoma
• Izinhlobo ezine ezinkulu ze-melanoma
• Kaposi sarcoma
• Ngubani osengozini?
• Thola eminye imininingwane

Sifaka imikhiqizo esicabanga ukuthi ilusizo kubafundi bethu. Uma uthenga ngezixhumanisi ezikuleli khasi, singathola ikhomishini encane. Nansi inqubo yethu.

Uyini umdlavuza wesikhumba?

Umdlavuza wesikhumba ukukhula okungalawuleki kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza esikhunjeni. Uma ungelashwa, unezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza wesikhumba, lawa maseli angasakazeka kwezinye izitho nezicubu, ezinjenge-lymph node namathambo. Umdlavuza wesikhumba wumdlavuza ovame kakhulu e-United States, othinta umuntu oyedwa kwabangu-5 baseMelika ngesikhathi sabo sokuphila, ngokusho kweSkin Cancer Foundation.

Sisebenza kanjani isikhumba sakho

Isikhumba sakho sisebenza njengesithiyo ukuvikela umzimba wakho ezintweni ezinjengokulahleka kwamanzi, amabhaktheriya, nokunye ukungcola okuyingozi. Isikhumba sinezingqimba ezimbili eziyisisekelo: ungqimba olujulile, olujiyile (i-dermis) kanye nengqimba yangaphandle (i-epidermis). I-epidermis iqukethe izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zamaseli. Isendlalelo sangaphandle sakhiwe ngamaseli abucayi, ahlala echithwa futhi ephenduka. Isendlalelo esijulile sibizwa ngokuthi ungqimba lwe-basal futhi senziwa ngamaseli we-basal. Okokugcina, ama-melanocyte amangqamuzana enza i-melanin, noma i-pigment enquma umbala wesikhumba sakho. Lawa maseli akhiqiza i-melanin eningi lapho uthola ukukhanya kwelanga okuningi, okudala ukushuka. Lokhu kuyindlela yokuvikela umzimba wakho, futhi empeleni kuyisignali yokuthi uthola ukulimala kwelanga.

I-epidermis ihlala ixhumana nemvelo. Ngenkathi ikhipha amangqamuzana esikhumba njalo, isengagcina ukulimala elangeni, ukutheleleka, noma ukusikeka nokukhuhla.Amaseli esikhumba asele ahlala ephindaphindeka ukuze angene esikhundleni sesikhumba esithambile, futhi kwesinye isikhathi angaqala ukuziphindaphinda noma ande ngokweqile, kwakheke isimila sesikhumba esingahle sibe umdlavuza wesikhumba noma wesikhumba.

Nazi ezinye izinhlobo ezivamile zesixuku sesikhumba:

Izithombe zomdlavuza wesikhumba

I-Actinic keratosis

I-Actinic keratosis, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-keratosis elanga, ivela njengesikhumba esikombala esibomvu noma esibomvana esikhunjeni ezindaweni zomzimba ezivezwe yilanga. Zibangelwa ukuvezwa ukukhanya kwe-UV ekukhanyeni kwelanga. Le yindlela ejwayelekile yokuqandula futhi ingakhula ibe yi-squamous cell carcinoma uma iyekwa ingalashwa.

I-basal cell carcinoma

I-Basal cell carcinoma iyindlela ejwayelekile yomdlavuza wesikhumba, equkethe cishe amaphesenti angama-90 azo zonke izimo zomdlavuza wesikhumba. Okuvame kakhulu ekhanda nasentanyeni, i-basal cell carcinoma umdlavuza okhula kancane ongajwayele ukusabalala kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Imvamisa ikhombisa esikhunjeni njengesigaxa esiphakanyisiwe, esiphakathi noma esibomvana, esivame ukuba nedimple phakathi. Kungabonakala futhi kungaguquki ngemithambo yegazi eduze kwesikhumba.

I-squamous cell carcinoma

I-squamous cell carcinoma ithinta amaseli kusendlalelo sangaphandle se-epidermis. Ngokuvamile inolaka kune-basal cell carcinoma futhi ingasakazeka kwezinye izitho zomzimba uma ishiywe ingalashwa. Kubonakala njengezilonda ezibomvu, ezinamaxolo, nezimbi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezivezwe yilanga njengezandla, ikhanda, intamo, izindebe nezindlebe. Amachashazi abomvu afanayo angaba yi-squamous cell carcinoma in situ (isifo sikaBowen), uhlobo lokuqala lomdlavuza weseli oyisigaxa.

I-Melanoma

Ngenkathi jikelele ingavamile kakhulu kune-basal ne-squamous cell carcinoma, i-melanoma iyingozi kakhulu, ibangela cishe amaphesenti angama-73 akho konke ukufa okuhlobene nomdlavuza wesikhumba. Kwenzeka kuma-melanocyte, noma amangqamuzana esikhumba akha i-pigment. Ngenkathi imvukuzane iyiqoqo elibi lama-melanocyte abantu abaningi abanalo, i-melanoma ingasolwa uma imvukuzane ine:

• Aumumo olinganayo
• Boda okungahambi kahle
• Ci-olor engahambelani
• UDiameter inkulu kunamamilimitha ayi-6
• Eubukhulu be-volving noma umumo

Izinhlobo ezine ezinkulu ze-melanoma

• i-melanoma esakazeka phezulu: uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-melanoma; izilonda ngokuvamile ziyisicaba, zinokuma okungalingani, futhi ziqukethe imithunzi ehlukahlukene emnyama nomnyama; kungenzeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi
• lentigo maligna melanoma: ngokuvamile kuthinta asebekhulile; kuhilela izilonda ezinkulu, eziyisicaba, esinsundu
• i-melanoma eyindilinga: ingaba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okumnyama, omnyama, noma obomvu ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kepha kungenzeka ingabi nawo umbala nhlobo; imvamisa iqala njengesiqeshana esiphakanyisiwe
• i-acral lentiginous melanoma: uhlobo olungajwayelekile; imvamisa ithinta izintende zezandla, amathe ezinyawo, noma ngaphansi komunwe nezinzwani

Kaposi sarcoma

Yize kungabhekwa njengomdlavuza wesikhumba, iKaposi sarcoma olunye uhlobo lomdlavuza olubandakanya izilonda zesikhumba ezinombala onsundu ngokubomvu ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngombala futhi zivame ukutholakala emilenzeni nasezinyaweni. Kuthinta amaseli agudle imithambo yegazi eduze kwesikhumba. Lo mdlavuza ubangelwa uhlobo lwegciwane le-herpes, ikakhulukazi ezigulini ezinamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka njengalezo ezine-AIDS.

Ngubani osengozini?

Ngenkathi kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zomdlavuza wesikhumba, iningi labelana ngezici ezifanayo zobungozi, kufaka phakathi:

• ukuvezwa isikhathi eside emisebeni ye-UV etholakala elangeni
• ukuba ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-40
• ukuba nomlando womndeni womdlavuza wesikhumba
• ukuba nebala elifanelekile
• ukuthola isitho somzimba

Kodwa-ke, abantu abasha noma labo abanebala elimnyama basengaba nomdlavuza wesikhumba.

Thola eminye imininingwane

Umdlavuza wesikhumba osheshayo uyatholakala, kuba ngcono umbono wesikhathi eside. Hlola isikhumba sakho njalo. Uma ubona ukungajwayelekile, thintana nodokotela wesikhumba ukuze uthole ukuhlolwa okuphelele. Funda ukuthi ungazihlola kanjani isikhumba sakho.

Izindlela zokuzivikela, njengokugqoka i-sunscreen noma ukunciphisa isikhathi sakho elangeni, kuyisivikelo sakho esihle kuzo zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza wesikhumba.

Thenga i-sunscreen.

Funda kabanzi ngomdlavuza wesikhumba nokuphepha kwelanga.