Ukuphazamiseka kokunamathisela okusebenzayo ebuntwaneni noma ebusheni bokuqala

Ukuphazamiseka kokunamathisela okusebenzayo kuyinkinga lapho ingane ingakwazi khona ukudala ubudlelwano obujwayelekile noma obunothando nabanye. Kuthathwa njengomphumela wokungenzi okunamathiselwe kunoma yimuphi umnakekeli othile esemncane kakhulu.

Ukuphazamiseka kokunamathiselwe okusebenzayo kubangelwa ukuhlukunyezwa noma ukunganakwa kwezidingo zosana zoku:

• Izibopho ezingokomzwelo nomnakekeli oyinhloko noma wesibili
• Ukudla
• Ukuphepha ngokomzimba
• Ukuthinta

Usana noma ingane inganakwa lapho:

• Umnakekeli ukhubazekile ngokwengqondo
• Umnakekeli akanamakhono okukhulisa abantwana
• Abazali bahlukanisiwe
• Abazali bayintsha

Ukushintshwa okuvamile kwabanakekeli (ngokwesibonelo, emakhaya ezintandane noma ekunakekelweni ngabazali) kungenye imbangela yokuphazamiseka kokunamathisela okusebenzayo.

Enganeni, izimpawu zingafaka:

• Ukugwema umnakekeli
• Ukugwema ukuthintana komzimba
• Kunzima ukududuzwa
• Ukungenzi umehluko uma ujwayelana nabantu ongabazi
• Ukufuna ukuba wedwa kunokuxhumana nabanye

Umnakekeli uvame ukungayinaki eyengane:

• Izidingo zenduduzo, ukukhuthazeka, nothando
• Izidingo njengokudla, ukuya endlini yangasese, nokudlala

Lesi sifo sitholakala sine:

• Qedela umlando
• Ukuhlolwa komzimba
• Ukuhlolwa kwengqondo

Ukwelashwa kunezingxenye ezimbili. Inhloso yokuqala ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingane isendaweni ephephile lapho kuhlangatshezwana khona nezidingo ezingokomzwelo nezingokomzimba.

Uma lokho sekutholakele, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuguqula ubudlelwane phakathi komnakekeli nengane, uma umnakekeli eyinkinga. Amakilasi okuba ngumzali angasiza umnakekeli ukuba ahlangabezane nezidingo zengane nokubopha nengane.

Ukwelulekwa ngokwengqondo kungasiza onakekelayo asebenze ezinkingeni, njengokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa noma udlame lomndeni. Abezenhlalakahle kufanele balandele umndeni ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingane ihlala endaweni ephephile, ezinzile.

Ukungenelela okulungile kungathuthukisa umphumela.

Uma ungelashwa, lesi simo singathinta unomphela ikhono lengane lokuxhumana nabanye. Ingaxhunyaniswa ne:

• Ukukhathazeka
• Ukucindezeleka
• Ezinye izinkinga ezingokwengqondo
• Ukucindezeleka kwangemva kwenhlekelele

Lesi sifo sivame ukukhonjwa lapho umzali (noma lowo ozoba umzali) esengozini enkulu yokunganakwa noma lapho umzali wokutholwa enenkinga yokubhekana nengane esanda kuthathwa.

Uma usanda kuthola ingane evela ekhaya lezintandane langaphandle noma kwesinye isimo lapho ukunganakwa kungenzeka khona futhi ingane yakho ikhombisa lezi zimpawu, bheka umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo.

Ukuqashelwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu enganeni. Abazali abasengozini enkulu yokunganakwa kufanele bafundiswe amakhono obuzali. Umndeni kufanele ulandelwe ngusonhlalonhle noma udokotela ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi izidingo zengane ziyafezeka.

Iwebhusayithi yeAmerican Psychiatric Association. Ukuphazamiseka kokunamathiselwe okusebenzayo. Ku: American Psychiatric Association, ed. Incwajana Yokuhlola Nezibalo Yezinkinga Zengqondo. Umhlaka 5. I-Arlington, VA: Ukushicilelwa Kwe-Psychiatric yaseMelika; 2013: 265-268.

IMilosavljevic N, Taylor JB, Brendel RW. Ama-psychiatric correlates nemiphumela yokuhlukunyezwa nokunganakwa. Ku: Stern TA, Fava M, Wilens TE, Rosenbaum JF, ama-eds. IMassachusetts General Hospital Comprehensive Clinical Psychiatry. Okwesibili. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 84.

UZeanah CH, uChesher T, uBoris NW; Ikomidi le-American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP) Lezinkinga Zekhwalithi (CQI). Zijwayeze ipharamitha yokuhlola nokwelashwa kwezingane nentsha enesifo sokunamathisela esisebenzayo futhi ivimbele ukuphazamiseka kokuzibandakanya komphakathi. J Am Acad Adolesc Psychiatry. 2016; 55 (11): 990-1003. I-PMID: 27806867 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27806867/.