URubella

URubella, owaziwa nangokuthi isimungumungwane saseJalimane, yisifo lapho kukhona ukuqubuka esikhunjeni.

I-rubella yokuzalwa lapho owesifazane okhulelwe one-rubella eyidlulisela enganeni esesibelethweni sakhe.

I-Rubella ibangelwa igciwane elisakazeka emoyeni noma ngokusondelana.

Umuntu one-rubella angasabalalisa lesi sifo kwabanye kusuka kusonto elilodwa ngaphambi kokuba ukuqubuka kuqale, kuze kube yisonto eli-1 kuya kwele-2 ngemuva kokushabalala kokuqubuka.

Ngenxa yokuthi umuthi wokugomela isimungumungwane-mumps-rubella (MMR) unikezwa izingane eziningi, i-rubella ayisajwayelekile kakhulu manje. Cishe wonke umuntu othola umuthi wokugoma unamasosha omzimba okuvikela i-rubella. Ukuzivikela komzimba kusho ukuthi umzimba wakho wakhe isivikelo kwigciwane le-rubella.

Kwabanye abantu abadala, umuthi wokugoma ungaphela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi awavikelwe ngokuphelele. Abesifazane abangakhulelwa nabanye abantu abadala bangathola i-booster shot.

Izingane kanye nabantu abadala abangakaze bagonyelwe i-rubella bangasathola lesi sifo.

Izingane ngokuvamile zinezimpawu ezimbalwa. Abantu abadala bangaba nomkhuhlane, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukungakhululeki okuvamile (i-malaise), nekhala eligijimayo ngaphambi kokuvela kokuqubuka. Bangase bangaziboni izimpawu.

Ezinye izimpawu zingafaka:

• Ukulimaza (okungajwayelekile)
• Ukuvuvukala kwamehlo (amehlo abomvu egazi)
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha noma bamalunga

Kungathunyelwa i-swab yamakhala noma yomphimbo ngesiko.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungenziwa ukubona ukuthi umuntu uvikelekile yini ku-rubella. Bonke abesifazane abangakhulelwa kufanele benze lokhu kuhlolwa. Uma isivivinyo singekho, bazothola umuthi wokugoma.

Akukho ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo.

Ukuthatha i-acetaminophen kungasiza ekwehliseni umkhuhlane.

Amaphutha avela nge-congenital rubella syndrome angalashwa.

URubella uvame ukutheleleka okuncane.

Ngemuva kokutheleleka, abantu bavikeleka kulesi sifo impilo yabo yonke.

Izinkinga zingenzeka enganeni engakazalwa uma umama etheleleka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ukukhulelwa kwesisu noma ukubeletha kungenzeka. Ingane ingazalwa inokukhubazeka kokuzalwa.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uma:

• Ungowesifazane oseminyakeni yobudala bokubeletha futhi awuqiniseki ukuthi ngabe ugonyelwe i-rubella
• Wena noma ingane yakho niba nekhanda elibi, intamo eqinile, ubuhlungu bendlebe, noma izinkinga zokubona ngesikhathi noma ngemuva kwendaba ye-rubella
• Wena noma ingane yakho kudingeka nithole ukugoma kwe-MMR (umuthi wokugoma)

Kukhona umuthi wokugoma ophephile nosebenzayo wokuvikela i-rubella. Umuthi wokugomela i-rubella unconyelwa zonke izingane. Inikezwa njalo lapho izingane zinezinyanga eziyi-12 kuya kwezingu-15 ubudala, kepha kwesinye isikhathi inikezwa kusenesikhathi ngesikhathi semishayabhuqe. Umuthi wokugoma wesibili (i-booster) uvame ukunikezwa izingane ezineminyaka engu-4 kuye kwengu-6.

Abesifazane abaneminyaka yobudala bokubeletha bavame ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukubona ukuthi abanalo yini igciwane le-rubella. Uma zingavikeleki, abesifazane kufanele bagweme ukukhulelwa izinsuku ezingama-28 ngemuva kokuthola umuthi wokugoma.

Labo okungafanele bathole ukugoma bafaka:

• Abesifazane abakhulelwe.
• Noma ngubani amasosha omzimba athintwa ngumdlavuza, imithi ye-corticosteroid, noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe.

Kunakekelwa kakhulu ukunganiki umuthi wokugoma kowesifazane osekhulelwe vele. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezingavamile lapho abesifazane abakhulelwe begonyiwe, azikho izinkinga ezitholakele ezinganeni.

Isimungumungwane sezinsuku ezintathu; Isimungumungwane saseJalimane

• URubella emhlane wosana
• URubella
• Amasosha omzimba

UMason WH, amaGans HA. URubella. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 274.

UMichaels MG, uWilliam JV. Izifo ezithathelwanayo. Ku: Zitelli, BJ, McIntire SC, Nowalk AJ, ama-eds. UZitelli noDavis ’Atlas of Pediatric Physical Diagnosis. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 13.

URobinson CL, uBernstein H, uRomero JR, uSzilagyi P. Ikomidi Elelulekayo Lemikhuba Yokugoma lincoma uhlelo lokugoma lwezingane nentsha eneminyaka eyi-18 noma ngaphansi - e-United States, 2019. IMMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019; 68 (5): 112-114. I-PMID: 30730870 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30730870.