Ukuhambela kahle izingane

Ubuntwana yisikhathi sokukhula ngokushesha noshintsho. Izingane zivakashelwa kakhulu izingane lapho zisencane. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi intuthuko iyashesha phakathi nale minyaka.

Ukuhambela ngakunye kufaka ukuhlolwa okuphelele ngokomzimba. Kulesi sivivinyo, umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzohlola ukukhula nokukhula kwengane ukuze athole noma avimbele izinkinga.

Umhlinzeki uzorekhoda ukuphakama, isisindo, nolunye ulwazi olubalulekile lwengane yakho. Ukuzwa, ukubona, nokunye ukuhlolwa kokuhlola kuzoba yingxenye yokuvakashelwa okuthile.

Noma ngabe ingane yakho iphilile, ukuvakashelwa kahle kwezingane kuyisikhathi esihle sokugxila enhlalakahleni yengane yakho. Ukukhuluma ngezindlela zokwenza ngcono ukunakekelwa nokuvikela izinkinga kusiza ukugcina ingane yakho iphilile.

Ekuvakasheni kwakho ingane enhle, uzothola ulwazi ngezihloko ezinjengalezi:

• Lala
• Ukuphepha
• Izifo zezingane
• Yini ongayilindela njengoba ingane yakho ikhula

Bhala phansi imibuzo nokukhathazeka kwakho uze nakho. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuthi uthole okuningi ekuvakasheni.

Umhlinzeki wakho uzobheka ngokukhethekile ukuthi ingane yakho ikhula kanjani uma iqhathaniswa nezinyathelo ezijwayelekile zokukhula. Ukuphakama, isisindo, nokuzungeza kwekhanda kuyarekhodwa eshadini lokukhula. Leli shadi lihlala liyingxenye yerekhodi lezokwelapha lengane. Ukukhuluma ngokukhula kwengane yakho indawo enhle yokuqala ingxoxo ngempilo ejwayelekile yengane yakho. Buza umhlinzeki wakho mayelana nejika lomzimba lomzimba (BMI), okuyithuluzi elibaluleke kakhulu lokuhlonza nokuvimbela ukukhuluphala.

Umhlinzeki wakho uzokhuluma nangezinye izihloko zokuphila kahle njengezinkinga zobudlelwano bomndeni, isikole, nokufinyelela ezinsizakalweni zomphakathi.

Kukhona amashejuli amaningana wokuvakashelwa okuhle kwezingane. Uhlelo olulodwa, olunconywe yi-American Academy of Pediatrics, lunikezwa ngezansi.

ISHEDULI LOKUVIMBELA IMPILO

Ukuvakasha nomhlinzeki ngaphambi ingane izalwa ingabaluleke kakhulu kulokhu:

• Abazali bokuqala.
• Abazali abanokukhulelwa okuyingozi kakhulu.
• Noma imuphi umzali onemibuzo mayelana nezinkinga ezinjengokondla, ukusoka, nezinkinga ezijwayelekile zezempilo yengane.

Ngemuva kokuzalwa kwengane, ukuvakasha okulandelayo kufanele kube izinsuku ezi-2 kuya kwezi-3 ngemuva kokuletha ingane ekhaya (yezingane ezincelisiwe) noma lapho ingane inezinsuku ezi-2 kuya kwezi-4 ubudala (kubo bonke abantwana abaphuma esibhedlela ngaphambi kokuba babe nezinsuku ezimbili okudala). Abanye abahlinzeki bazobambezela ukuvakasha kuze kube yilapho ingane inamasonto ayi-1 kuya kwayi-2 kubazali abake baba nezingane ngaphambili.

Ngemuva kwalokho, kunconywa ukuthi ukuvakasha kwenzeke kule minyaka elandelayo (umhlinzeki wakho angakungeza noma weqe ukuvakasha kuye ngempilo yengane yakho noma ulwazi lwakho lobuzali):

• Ngenyanga e-1
• Izinyanga ezi-2
• 4 izinyanga
• Izinyanga eziyi-6
• Izinyanga eziyi-9
• Izinyanga eziyi-12
• Izinyanga eziyi-15
• Izinyanga eziyi-18
• iminyaka engu-2
• Iminyaka 2 1/2
• 3 iminyaka
• Unyaka ngamunye ngemuva kwalokho kuze kube yiminyaka engu-21

Futhi, kufanele ushayele noma uvakashele umhlinzeki nganoma yisiphi isikhathi lapho ingane yakho noma ingane yakho ibonakala igula noma noma nini lapho ukhathazekile ngempilo noma ukukhula kwengane yakho.

IZIHLOKO EZIHLOBENE

Izinto zokuhlolwa komzimba:

• I-Auscultation (ukulalela inhliziyo, umoya, nemisindo yesisu)
• Inhliziyo izwakala
• Ingqondo yezinsana nezinkomba ezijulile zemisipha njengoba ingane ikhula
• I-jaundice yeNonatal - ukuvakashelwa okumbalwa kokuqala kuphela
• Ukubamba
• Isigubhu
• Ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwamehlo
• Ukulinganiswa kwethempelesha (bona futhi izinga lokushisa lomzimba elijwayelekile)

Imininingwane yokugoma:

• Ukugoma - ukubuka konke okujwayelekile
• Izingane nokudubula
• Ukugoma i-Diphtheria (umuthi wokugoma)
• Ukugonywa kwe-DPT (umuthi wokugoma)
• Ukugonywa kwe-Hepatitis A (umuthi wokugoma)
• Ukugonywa kwe-Hepatitis B (umuthi wokugoma)
• Ukugonywa kwe-Hib (umuthi wokugoma)
• Igciwane le-human papilloma (umuthi wokugoma)
• Ukugonywa komkhuhlane (umuthi wokugoma)
• Ukugonywa kwe-Meningococcal (meningitis) (umuthi wokugoma)
• Ukugonywa kwe-MMR (umuthi wokugoma)
• Ukugonywa kwePertussis (umuthi wokugoma)
• Ukugonywa kwe-pneumococcal (umuthi wokugoma)
• Ukugonyelwa uvendle (umuthi wokugomela)
• Ukugonywa kwe-Rotavirus (umuthi wokugoma)
• Ukugonyelwa ngqi (umjovo)
• Ukugonywa kwe-TdaP (umuthi wokugoma)
• Ukugonywa kwe-Varicella (inkukhu)

Iseluleko sokudla okunempilo:

• Ukudla okufanelekile ngeminyaka yokudla okulinganiselayo
• Ukuncelisa ibele
• Ukudla kanye nokukhula kwengqondo
• I-fluoride ekudleni
• Amafomula ezingane
• Ukukhuluphala ezinganeni

Amashejuli wokukhula nentuthuko:

• Usana - ukukhula okusha
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwezingane
• Ukuthuthuka kwabasenkulisa
• Ukukhula kwengane esesikoleni
• Ukukhula kwentsha
• Izinyathelo zentuthuko
• Ukuqoshwa kwentuthuko - izinyanga ezi-2
• Ukuqoshwa kwentuthuko - izinyanga ezi-4
• Ukuqoshwa kwentuthuko - izinyanga eziyi-6
• Ukuqoshwa kwentuthuko - izinyanga eziyi-9
• Irekhodi lezintuthuko - izinyanga eziyi-12
• Amarekhodi okuthuthuka - izinyanga eziyi-18
• Irekhodi lokuqopha umlando - iminyaka emibili
• Irekhodi lokuqopha umlando - iminyaka emithathu
• Irekhodi lezintuthuko - iminyaka emi-4
• Irekhodi lokuqopha umlando - iminyaka emi-5

Ukulungiselela ingane ukuvakashelwa ihhovisi kufana nokulungiselela ukuhlolwa kanye nenqubo.

Izinyathelo zokulungiselela ziyehluka, kuya ngeminyaka yengane:

• Ukulungiselela ukuhlolwa / inqubo yentsana
• Ukulungiselela ukuhlolwa / inqubo encane
• Ukulungiselela ukuhlolwa / inqubo yenkulisa
• Ukulungiselela ukuhlolwa / inqubo yenqubo yobudala besikole

• Kulungile ukuvakashelwa kwengane

UHagan JF Jr, Navsaria D. Ukukhulisa impilo yezingane: ukuhlolwa, ukuqondiswa okulindelekile, nokwelulekwa. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 12.

UKelly DP, uNatale MJ. Umsebenzi we-Neurodevelopmental and executive kanye nokungasebenzi. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 48.

UKimmel SR, uRatliff-Schaub K. Ukukhula nentuthuko. Ku: Rakel RE, Rakel DP, ama-eds. Incwadi Yezokwelapha Yomndeni. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 22.