Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wamakholoni

Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wamakholoni kungathola ama-polyps nomdlavuza wokuqala emathunjini amakhulu. Lolu hlobo lokuhlola lungathola izinkinga ezingalashwa ngaphambi kokuba umdlavuza uqale noma usabalale.Ukuhlolwa njalo kungahle kunciphise ingozi yokufa kanye nezinkinga ezibangelwa umdlavuza obala.

UKUHLOLA IZIVIVINYO

Kunezindlela eziningana zokuhlola umdlavuza wekoloni.

Ukuhlolwa kwesihlalo:

• Ama-polyps kukholoni kanye nomdlavuza omncane kungadala ukopha okuncane okungabonakali ngeso lenyama. Kepha igazi lingahlala litholakala esitokisini.
• Le ndlela ihlola indle yakho ukuthola igazi.
• Ukuhlolwa okuvame kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwe-fecal occult blood test (FOBT). Ezinye izivivinyo ezimbili zibizwa nge-fecal immunochemical test (FIT) kanye ne-stool DNA test (sDNA).

I-Sigmoidoscopy:

• Lokhu kuhlolwa kusebenzisa isilinganiso esincane esiguquguqukayo ukubuka ingxenye engezansi yekholoni yakho. Ngoba ukuhlolwa kubheka kuphela ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zamathumbu amakhulu (ikholoni), ingahle ilahlekelwe eminye imidlavuza ephakeme emathunjini amakhulu.
• I-Sigmoidoscopy kanye nokuhlolwa kwendle kungasetshenziswa ndawonye.

Colonoscopy:

• I-colonoscopy ifana ne-sigmoidoscopy, kepha lonke ikholoni lingabukwa.
• Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzokunika izinyathelo zokuhlanza amathumbu akho. Lokhu kubizwa ngokulungiselela amathumbu.
• Ngesikhathi se-colonoscopy, uthola umuthi wokukwenza ukhululeke futhi ulale.
• Kwesinye isikhathi, ukuskena kwe-CT kusetshenziswa njengenye indlela ye-colonoscopy ejwayelekile. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-virtual colonoscopy.

Okunye ukuhlolwa:

• I-Capsule endoscopy ifaka ukugwinya ikhamera encane, elingana nepilisi ethatha ividiyo engaphakathi kwamathumbu akho. Indlela iyafundwa, ngakho-ke akunconywa ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile ngalesi sikhathi.

UKUGCOLA KWABANTU ABAYINGOZI NGESIKHATHI

Akunabufakazi obanele bokusho ukuthi iyiphi indlela yokuhlola ehamba phambili. Kepha, i-colonoscopy iphelele kakhulu. Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho mayelana nokuthi yikuphi ukuhlolwa okulungele wena.

Bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane kufanele bahlolwe umdlavuza wamakholoni kusukela eminyakeni engama-50. Abanye abahlinzeki batusa ukuthi abantu base-Afrika baseMelika baqale ukuhlolwa beneminyaka engama-45.

Ngokwanda kwakamuva komdlavuza wekoloni kubantu abakwiminyaka engama-40, i-American Cancer Society incoma ukuthi abesilisa nabesifazane abaphilile baqale ukuhlola beneminyaka engama-45. Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho uma ukhathazekile.

Izinketho zokuhlola abantu abanengozi emaphakathi yomdlavuza wekoloni:

• I-Colonoscopy njalo eminyakeni eyi-10 eqala eneminyaka engama-45 noma engama-50
• I-FOBT noma i-FIT njalo ngonyaka (i-colonoscopy iyadingeka uma imiphumela iba mihle)
• I-sDNA njalo eminyakeni eyi-1 noma emi-3 (i-colonoscopy iyadingeka uma imiphumela iba mihle)
• I-sigmoidoscopy eguquguqukayo njalo eminyakeni engu-5 kuye kwengu-10, imvamisa ngokuhlolwa kwendle i-FOBT yenziwa njalo eminyakeni eyi-1 kuye kwengu-3
• I-colonoscopy ebonakalayo njalo eminyakeni emihlanu

UKUKHANGELA ABANTU ABANGCOPHELELE

Abantu abanezici ezithile zobungozi zomdlavuza wekoloni bangadinga ngaphambi (ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala engama-50) noma ukuhlolwa kaningi.

Izici ezivamile zobungozi yilezi:

• Umlando womndeni wama-syndromes womdlavuza we-colorectal, njenge-familia adenomatous polyposis (FAP) noma umdlavuza we-nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC).
• Umlando womndeni oqinile womdlavuza obomvu noma ama-polyps. Lokhu ngokuvamile kusho izihlobo eziseduze (umzali, ingane yakini, noma ingane) ezithuthukise lezi zimo zingaphansi kweminyaka engama-60.
• Umlando womuntu siqu womdlavuza obala ngokusobala noma ama-polyps.
• Umlando womuntu wesifo sesisu sesikhathi eside (esingapheli) sokuvuvukala (ngokwesibonelo, i-ulcerative colitis noma isifo seCrohn).

Ukuhlolwa kwalawa maqembu kungenzeka kakhulu kwenziwe ngokusebenzisa i-colonoscopy.

Ukuhlolwa umdlavuza wamathumbu; Colonoscopy - ukuhlolwa; Sigmoidoscopy - ukuhlolwa; I-colonoscopy ebonakalayo - ukuhlolwa; Ukuhlolwa kwe-Fecal immunochemical; Ukuhlolwa kwe-Stool DNA; ukuhlolwa kwe-sDNA; Umdlavuza ocacile - ukuhlolwa; Umdlavuza wesibeletho - ukuhlolwa

• I-ulcerative colitis - ukuphuma

• Colonoscopy
• I-anatomy enkulu yamathumbu
• Umdlavuza we-Sigmoid colon - x-ray
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi lomlingo we-Fecal

UGarber JJ, uChung DC. Ama-polyp polyps nama-polyposis syndromes. Ku: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, ama-eds. Sleisenger kanye neFordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. Umhla ka-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 126.

Iwebhusayithi yeNational Cancer Institute. Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza we-Colorectal (PDQ) - inguqulo yezempilo. www.cancer.gov/types/colorectal/hp/colorectal-screening-pdq. Kubuyekezwe ngoMashi 17, 2020. Kufinyelelwe ngoNovemba 13, 2020.

URex DK, uBoland CR, uDominitz JA, et al. Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza we-Colorectal: izincomo zodokotela neziguli ezivela e-U.S. Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer. NginguJ Gastroenterol. 2017; 112 (7): 1016-1030. I-PMID: 28555630 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28555630/.

Iwebhusayithi ye-US Preventive Services Task Force. Isitatimende sokugcina sezincomo. Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza ocacile. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/colorectal-cancer-screening. Ishicilelwe ngoJuni 15, 2016. Ifinyelelwe ngo-Ephreli 18, 2020.

I-Wolf AMD, i-Fontham ETH, iSonto TR, et al. Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza we-Colorectal kubantu abadala abanobungozi obuphakathi: Ukuvuselelwa komhlahlandlela we-2018 okuvela e-American Cancer Society. I-CA Cancer J Clin. 2018; 68 (4): 250-281. I-PMID: 29846947 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29846947/.