Izindlala ze-adrenal

Izindlala ze-adrenal yizindlala ezimbili ezincane ezimise okonxantathu. Indlala eyodwa itholakala ngaphezulu kwesinso ngasinye.

Indlala ngayinye ye-adrenal icishe ilingane nengxenye ephezulu yesithupha. Ingxenye engaphandle yendlala ibizwa ngokuthi i- cortex. Ikhiqiza ama-hormone e-steroid afana ne-cortisol, aldosterone, nama-hormone angashintshwa abe yi-testosterone. Ingxenye engaphakathi yendlala ibizwa ngokuthi i-medulla. Ikhiqiza i-epinephrine ne-norepinephrine. Lawa mahomoni abizwa nangokuthi i-adrenaline ne-noradrenaline.

Lapho izindlala zikhiqiza ama-hormone amaningi noma amancane kunokujwayelekile, ungagula. Lokhu kungenzeka ngesikhathi sokuzalwa noma kamuva empilweni.

Izindlala ze-adrenal zingathinteka ezifweni eziningi, njengokuphazamiseka komzimba, izifo, izicubu nokopha. Ezinye zihlala unomphela kanti ezinye ziyahamba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Imithi ingathinta nezindlala ze-adrenal.

I-pituitary, indlala encane engezansi kobuchopho, ikhipha i-hormone ebizwa ngokuthi i-ACTH ebalulekile ekuvuseleleni i-adrenal cortex. Izifo ze-pituitary zingaholela ezinkingeni ngomsebenzi we-adrenal.

Izimo ezihlobene nezinkinga ze-adrenal gland zifaka:

• Isifo i-Addison, esibizwa nangokuthi ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-adrenal-disorder okwenzeka lapho izindlala ze-adrenal zingakhiqizi ama-hormone anele
• I-Congenital adrenal hyperplasia - ukuphazamiseka lapho izindlala ze-adrenal zintula i-enzyme edingekayo ukwenza ama-hormone
• I-Cushing syndrome - ukuphazamiseka okwenzeka lapho umzimba unezinga eliphakeme le-hormone cortisol
• Isifo sikashukela (ushukela ophakeme wegazi) obangelwa i-adrenal gland eyenza i-cortisol eningi kakhulu
• Imithi ye-Glucocorticoid efana ne-prednisone, dexamethasone, neminye
• Izinwele ezeqile noma ezingafuneki kwabesifazane (hirsutism)
• Hump ​​ngemuva kwamahlombe (i-dorsocervical fat pad)
• I-Hypoglycemia - ushukela wegazi ophansi
• I-aldosteronism eyinhloko (i-Conn syndrome) - ukuphazamiseka lapho i-adrenal gland ikhipha kakhulu i-hormone aldosterone
• Ukopha okukhulu kwamazwe amabili adrenal hemorrhage (I-Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome) - ukwehluleka kwezindlala ze-adrenal ukusebenza njengomphumela wokopha ku-gland, okuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nokutheleleka okunzima, okubizwa nge-sepsis

• Izindlala ze-Endocrine
• Izindlala ze-adrenal
• I-adrenal gland biopsy

Friedman TC. Indlala Adrenal. Ku: Benjamin IJ, Griggs RC, Wing EJ, Fitz JG, ama-eds. U-Andreoli no-Carpenter’s Cecil Essentials of Medicine. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 64.

INewell-Price JDC, i-Auchus RJ. I-adrenal cortex. Ku: Melmed S, Auchus, RJ, Goldfine AB, Koenig RJ, Rosen CJ, abahleli. Incwadi kaWilliams ye-Endocrinology. Umhlaka 14. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 15.

Imile S. Suprarenal (adrenal) indlala. Ku: Okumiyo S, ed. IGrey’s Anatomy. 41st ed. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 71.