Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

Igama elithi chemotherapy lisetshenziselwa ukuchaza izidakamizwa ezibulala umdlavuza. I-Chemotherapy ingasetshenziselwa uku:

• Welaphe umdlavuza
• Nciphisa umdlavuza
• Vimbela umdlavuza ekusakazekeni
• Yehlisa izimpawu umdlavuza ongase ubange

INDLELA I-CHEMOTHERAPY ETHOLWA NGAYO

Ngokuya ngohlobo lomdlavuza nokuthi utholakala kuphi, imishanguzo yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali inganikezwa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi:

• Imijovo noma isibhamu singene emisipheni
• Imijovo noma isibhamu ngaphansi kwesikhumba
• Engene emthanjeni
• Ungene emthanjeni (ngemithambo, noma IV)
• Amaphilisi athathwe ngomlomo
• Kudutshulwa kuluketshezi oluzungeze intambo yomgogodla noma ubuchopho

Lapho kunikezwa i-chemotherapy isikhathi eside, i-catheter encane ingafakwa emthanjeni omkhulu oseduze kwenhliziyo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi umugqa ophakathi nendawo. I-catheter ibekwa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa okuncane.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-catheters, kufaka phakathi:

• Ipayipi le-venous emaphakathi
• I-catheter emaphakathi emaphakathi enembobo
• I-catheter emaphakathi efakwe ngesandla (PICC)

Ulayini omaphakathi ungahlala emzimbeni isikhathi eside. Izodinga ukufuthwa masonto onke noma ngenyanga ukuvimbela amahlule egazi ukuba akhe ngaphakathi kolayini ophakathi.

Izidakamizwa ezahlukahlukene zamakhemikhali zinganikezwa ngasikhathi sinye noma ngemuva komunye nomunye. Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kungatholwa ngaphambi, ngemuva, noma ngesikhathi samakhemikhali.

I-Chemotherapy ivame ukunikezwa ngemijikelezo. Le mijikelezo ingahlala usuku olungu-1, izinsuku ezimbalwa, noma amasonto ambalwa noma ngaphezulu. Ngokuvamile kuzoba nesikhathi sokuphumula lapho kunganikezwa i-chemotherapy phakathi komjikelezo ngamunye. Isikhathi sokuphumula singahlala izinsuku, amasonto, noma izinyanga. Lokhu kuvumela ukubalwa komzimba nomzimba kwegazi ngaphambi komthamo olandelayo.

Imvamisa, i-chemotherapy inikezwa emtholampilo okhethekile noma esibhedlela. Abanye abantu bayakwazi ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali emakhaya abo. Uma kunikezwa i-home chemotherapy, abahlengikazi bezempilo basekhaya bazosiza ngomuthi nangama-IV. Umuntu othola i-chemotherapy kanye namalungu omndeni wabo bazothola ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile.

IZINHLOBO EZAHLUKENE ZOKUPHILA KWAMAKHAYA

Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-chemotherapy zifaka:

• I-chemotherapy ejwayelekile, esebenza ngokubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza namaseli athile ajwayelekile.
• Ukwelashwa okubhekiswe kanye ne-immunotherapy zero ngaphakathi kwamatshe athile (ama-molecule) ngaphakathi noma kumaseli womdlavuza.

IMIPHUMELA EMIBILI YOKUPHILA KWAMANDLA

Ngoba le mithi ihamba ngegazi ifike kuwo wonke umzimba, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kuchazwa njengokwelashwa komzimba wonke.

Ngenxa yalokho, i-chemotherapy ingalimaza noma ibulale amaseli athile ajwayelekile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amangqamuzana omnkantsha wethambo, izinwele zezinwele, namaseli asolwelweni lomlomo nasemgudwini wokugaya ukudla.

Lapho kwenzeka lo monakalo, kungaba nemiphumela engemihle. Abanye abantu abathola i-chemotherapy:

• Kungenzeka ukuthi babe nezifo
• Ukhathele kalula
• Wopha kakhulu, ngisho nangemisebenzi yansuku zonke
• Zizwa ubuhlungu noma ukuba ndikindiki ngenxa yokulimala kwezinzwa
• Yiba nomlomo owomile, izilonda zomlomo, noma ukuvuvukala emlonyeni
• Ungadli kahle noma wehle isisindo
• Yiba nesisu esibuhlungu, ukuhlanza noma isifo sohudo
• Zilahlekelwe izinwele
• Unezinkinga ngokucabanga nokukhumbula ("chemo brain")

Imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali incike ezintweni eziningi, kufaka phakathi uhlobo lomdlavuza nokuthi yimiphi imishanguzo esetshenziswayo. Umuntu ngamunye usabela ngendlela ehlukile kule mithi. Eminye imishanguzo emisha yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali ekhomba kangcono amangqamuzana omdlavuza ingadala imiphumela emibi embalwa noma ehlukile.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzochaza ukuthi yini ongayenza ekhaya ukuvimbela noma ukwelapha imiphumela emibi. Lezi zinyathelo zifaka:

• Ukuqaphela izilwane ezifuywayo nezinye izilwane ukugwema ukubamba izifo kuzo
• Ukudla amakhalori anele namaprotheni ukugcina isisindo sakho sikhuphukile
• Ukuvimbela ukopha, nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma kuvela ukopha
• Ukudla nokuphuza ngokuphepha
• Ukugeza izandla kaningi ngensipho namanzi

Uzodinga ukuvakashelwa okulandelayo nomhlinzeki wakho ngesikhathi nangemva kwe-chemotherapy. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nokuhlolwa kwe-imaging, njenge-x-ray, i-MRI, i-CT, noma ukuskena kwe-PET kuzokwenziwa ku:

• Bheka ukuthi i-chemotherapy isebenza kahle kangakanani
• Bheka ukulimala kwenhliziyo, amaphaphu, izinso, igazi, nezinye izitho zomzimba

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali ngomdlavuza; Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa zomdlavuza; I-cytotoxic chemotherapy

• Ngemuva kwamakhemikhali - ukukhishwa
• I-Chemotherapy - yini ongayibuza udokotela wakho

• Izakhiwo zesistimu yomzimba

UCollins JM. I-Cancer pharmacology. Ku: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, abahleli. I-Abeloff’s Clinical Oncology. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 25.

UDoroshow JH. Sondela esigulini esinomdlavuza. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 169.

Iwebhusayithi yeNational Cancer Institute. I-Chemotherapy yokwelapha umdlavuza. www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/chemotherapy. Kubuyekezwe u-Ephreli 29, 2015. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Agasti 5, 2020.