I-atherosclerosis

I-atherosclerosis, kwesinye isikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi "ukuqina kwemithambo yegazi," yenzeka lapho amafutha, i-cholesterol, nezinye izinto zakha ezindongeni zemithambo. Lezi zimali zibizwa ngokuthi ama-plaque. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lezi zingcwecwe zinganciphisa noma zivimbe ngokuphelele imithambo futhi zidale izinkinga emzimbeni wonke.

I-atherosclerosis yisifo esivamile.

I-atherosclerosis ivame ukwenzeka ngokuguga. Njengoba ukhula, i-plaque buildup inciphisa imithambo yakho yegazi futhi iyenze iqine. Lezi zinguquko zenza kube nzima ukuthi igazi ligeleze kuzo.

Amahlule angavela kule mithambo emincane futhi avimbe ukuphuma kwegazi. Izingcezu zoqweqwe nazo zingaphuka futhi ziye emithanjeni yegazi emincane, ziyivimbe.

Lokhu kuvinjelwa kubulala indlala yezicubu zegazi ne-oxygen. Lokhu kungaholela ekulimaleni noma ekufeni kwezicubu. Kuyimbangela ejwayelekile yokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo nokushaywa unhlangothi.

Amazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol egazini angadala ukuqina kwemithambo yegazi esemncane.

Kubantu abaningi, amazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol ngenxa yokudla okuphezulu kakhulu emafutheni agcwele kanye namafutha we-trans.

Ezinye izinto ezingaba nomthelela ekuqineni kwemithambo zifaka:

• Isifo sikashukela
• Umlando womndeni wokuqina kwemithambo
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu
• Ukuntuleka kokuzivocavoca umzimba
• Ukhuluphele ngokweqile noma ukhuluphele ngokweqile
• Ukubhema

I-atherosclerosis ayibangeli zimpawu kuze kube yilapho ukugeleza kwegazi kuya engxenyeni yomzimba kuyehla noma kuvinjelwe.

Uma imithambo ehambisa inhliziyo iba mincane, ukugeleza kwegazi kungancipha noma kume. Lokhu kungadala ubuhlungu besifuba (i-angina ezinzile), ukuphefumula okuncane, nezinye izimpawu.

Imithambo emincane noma evinjiwe nayo ingadala izinkinga emathunjini, ezinso, emilenzeni nasebuchosheni.

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba futhi alalele inhliziyo namaphaphu nge-stethoscope. I-atherosclerosis ingadala umsindo wokushayana noma ukushaya ("bruit") ngaphezulu komthambo.

Bonke abantu abadala abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-18 kufanele bahlolwe umfutho wegazi njalo ngonyaka. Ukulinganisa okuvame kakhulu kungadingeka kulabo abanomlando wokufundwa komfutho wegazi ophakeme noma labo abanezici eziyingozi zokucindezela kwegazi.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-cholesterol kunconywa kubo bonke abantu abadala. Imihlahlandlela emikhulu kazwelonke yehlukile eminyakeni ephakanyisiwe yokuqala ukuhlolwa.

• Ukuhlola kufanele kuqale phakathi kweminyaka engama-20 kuye kwengama-35 kwabesilisa neminyaka engama-20 kuye kwengama-45 kwabesifazane.
• Ukuphinda ukuhlolwa akudingeki iminyaka emihlanu kubantu abadala abaningi abanamazinga ajwayelekile we-cholesterol.
• Ukuphinda ukuhlolwa kungadingeka uma izinguquko zendlela yokuphila zenzeka, njengokunyuka okukhulu kwesisindo noma ushintsho ekudleni.
• Ukuhlolwa kaningi kuyadingeka kubantu abadala abanomlando we-cholesterol ephezulu, isifo sikashukela, izinkinga zezinso, isifo senhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi nezinye izimo

Izivivinyo eziningi zemifanekiso zingasetshenziswa ukubona ukuthi igazi lihamba kahle kanjani emithanjeni yakho.

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Doppler okusebenzisa amagagasi e-ultrasound noma omsindo
• I-Magnetic resonance arteriography (MRA), uhlobo olukhethekile lwe-MRI scan
• Izikena ezikhethekile ze-CT ezibizwa nge-CT angiography
• Ama-arteriograms noma i-angiography esebenzisa ama-x-ray nezinto ezihlukile (kwesinye isikhathi ezibizwa nge- "dye") ukubona indlela yokugeleza kwegazi ngaphakathi kwemithambo

Izinguquko zokuphila zizonciphisa ubungozi be-atherosclerosis. Izinto ongazenza zifaka:

• Yeka ukubhema: Lolu ushintsho olubaluleke kakhulu ongalwenza ukunciphisa ubungozi besifo senhliziyo nesifo sohlangothi.
• Gwema ukudla okunamafutha: Yidla ukudla okunomsoco onamafutha ne-cholesterol eningi. Faka izisetshenziswa eziningana zemihla ngemihla zezithelo nemifino. Ukufaka izinhlanzi ekudleni kwakho okungenani kabili ngeviki kungasiza. Noma kunjalo, ungadli inhlanzi ethosiwe.
• Nciphisa ukuthi uphuza kangakanani utshwala: Imikhawulo enconyiwe isiphuzo esisodwa ngosuku kwabesifazane, ezimbili ngosuku kwabesilisa.
• Thola ukuzivocavoca umzimba njalo: Vivinya umzimba ngamandla aphakathi nendawo (njengokuhamba ngamandla) izinsuku ezi-5 ngesonto imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku uma unesisindo esinempilo. Ukwehlisa isisindo, zivocavoca imizuzu engama-60 kuya kwengu-90 ngosuku. Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho ngaphambi kokuqala uhlelo olusha lokuzivocavoca, ikakhulukazi uma utholwe unesifo senhliziyo noma wake wahlaselwa yinhliziyo.

Uma umfutho wegazi ophakeme uphakeme, kubalulekile ukuthi wehlise futhi uwugcine ulawulwa.

Inhloso yokwelashwa ukunciphisa umfutho wegazi lakho ukuze ube nengozi ephansi yezinkinga zempilo ezibangelwa umfutho wegazi ophezulu. Wena nomhlinzeki wakho kufanele nizibekele umgomo wegazi.

• Ungayeki noma ushintshe imithi yomfutho wegazi ophakeme ngaphandle kokukhuluma nomhlinzeki wakho.

Umhlinzeki wakho angafuna ukuthi uthathe umuthi ngamazinga angavamile we-cholesterol noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme uma izinguquko zendlela yokuphila zingasebenzi. Lokhu kuzoncika ku:

• Iminyaka yakho
• Imithi oyiphuzayo
• Ingozi yakho yemiphumela emibi evela emithini engenzeka
• Noma ngabe unesifo senhliziyo noma ezinye izinkinga zokuhamba kwegazi
• Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyabhema noma ukhuluphele ngokweqile
• Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unesifo sikashukela noma ezinye izici eziyingozi zesifo senhliziyo
• Ukuthi unazo yini ezinye izinkinga zezokwelapha, njengesifo sezinso

Umhlinzeki wakho angaphakamisa ukuthatha i-aspirin noma omunye umuthi ukusiza ukuvimbela amahlule egazi ukuthi akhe emithanjeni yakho. Le mithi ibizwa ngokuthi yimithi elwa namagciwane. UNGAYITHATHI i-aspirin ngaphandle kokuqala ukhulume nomhlinzeki wakho.

Ukwehlisa isisindo uma ukhuluphele ngokweqile nokunciphisa ushukela egazini uma unesifo sikashukela noma isifo sikashukela singasiza ekunciphiseni ubungozi bokuhlaselwa yisifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi.

I-atherosclerosis ayinakubuyiselwa emuva uma isenzekile. Kodwa-ke, ukuguquka kwendlela yokuphila nokwelapha amazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol kungavimbela noma kunciphise inqubo ekubeni yimbi. Lokhu kungasiza ekwehliseni amathuba okuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo nesifo sohlangothi ngenxa ye-atherosclerosis.

Kwezinye izimo, lolu qweqwe luyingxenye yenqubo edala ukuba buthaka kodonga lomthambo. Lokhu kungaholela ekuqhumeni emthanjeni obizwa nge-aneurysm. Ama-aneurysms angagqashuka (aqhekeke). Lokhu kubangela ukopha okungaba yingozi empilweni.

Ukuqina kwemithambo; I-arteriosclerosis; Ukwakhiwa kweplaque - imithambo; Hyperlipidemia - isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi; Cholesterol - isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi

• Ukulungiswa kwe-aortic aneurysm esiswini - ukuvula - ukukhipha
• Ukulungiswa kwe-aortic aneurysm - endovascular - discharge
• I-Aspirin nesifo senhliziyo
• Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo - ukukhipha
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo - okufanele ubuze udokotela wakho
• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme - okufanele ubuze udokotela wakho
• Thayipha i-2 yesifo sikashukela - okufanele ubuze udokotela wakho

• I-Carotid stenosis - i-X-ray yomthambo wesobunxele
• I-Carotid stenosis - i-X-ray yomthambo ofanele
• Umbono okhulisiwe we-atherosclerosis
• Ukuvimbela isifo senhliziyo
• Inqubo yokuthuthukiswa kwe-atherosclerosis
• Angina
• I-atherosclerosis
• Abakhiqizi be-cholesterol
• I-Coronary artery balloon angioplasty - uchungechunge

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