Ukudlula ngokweqile kweHeroin

IHeroin yisidakamizwa esingekho emthethweni esilutha kakhulu. Kusesigabeni semithi eyaziwa ngokuthi ama-opioid.

Lo mbhalo ukhuluma ngokudlula ngokweqile kwe-heroin. Ukweqisa ngokweqile kwenzeka lapho othile ethatha into eningi kakhulu, imvamisa isidakamizwa. Lokhu kungenzeka ngengozi noma ngenhloso. Ukweqisa ngokweqile kwe-heroin kungadala izimpawu ezinkulu, eziyingozi, noma ngisho nokufa.

Mayelana ne-heroin overdose:

Ukudlula ngokweqile kweHeroin kukhuphuke kakhulu e-United States eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Ngo-2015, abantu abangaphezu kuka-13,000 babulawa ngokweqile kwe-heroin e-United States. IHeroin ithengiswa ngokungemthetho, ngakho-ke akukho ukulawula ikhwalithi noma amandla omuthi. Futhi, kwesinye isikhathi ixubene nezinye izinto ezinobuthi.

Iningi labantu abadlula ngokweqile selivele liyimilutha, kepha abanye abantu badlula ngokweqile okokuqala ngqa lapho bezama khona. Abantu abaningi abasebenzisa i-heroin babuye basebenzise kabi imishanguzo kadokotela kanye nezinye izidakamizwa. Bangase futhi basebenzise kabi utshwala. Lezi zinhlanganisela zezinto zingaba yingozi kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kweHeroin e-United States bekhula kusukela ngo-2007.

Kube khona noguquko kwinani labantu lokusetshenziswa kwe-heroin. Manje sekukholelwa ukuthi ukulutheka kumaphilisi ezinhlungu okuhlinzekwa ngama-opioid kuyindlela esetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa kwe-heroin kubantu abaningi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi intengo yasemgwaqweni ye-heroin imvamisa ishibhile kunaleyo yama-opioid kadokotela.

Lo mbhalo ungowolwazi kuphela. UNGAYisebenzisi ukuphatha noma ukuphatha ukweqisa ngokweqile kwangempela. Uma wena noma umuntu onaye unokuchayeka, shayela inombolo yakho ephuthumayo yasendaweni (njenge-911), noma isikhungo sendawo sakho sobuthi singafinyelelwa ngqo ngokushayela ucingo lwasimahla lwe-Poison Help hotline (1-800-222-1222) kusuka noma yikuphi e-United States.

IHeroin inobuthi. Kwesinye isikhathi, izinto i-heroin exutshwe nazo zinobuthi.

IHeroin yenziwa nge-morphine. I-Morphine yisidakamizwa esinamandla esitholakala emasimini embewu yezitshalo ze-opium poppy. Lezi zitshalo zitshalwa emhlabeni wonke. Imithi yezinhlungu zomthetho equkethe i-morphine ibizwa ngama-opioid. I-opioid igama elisuselwa ku- i-opium, okwakuyigama lesiGreki elisho ijusi lesitshalo se-poppy. Akukho ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha okusemthethweni kwe-heroin.

Amagama emigwaqo ye-heroin afaka i- "junk", "smack", idope, ushukela onsundu, ihhashi elimhlophe, i-China white, ne- "skag".

Abantu basebenzisa i-heroin ukukhuphuka. Kepha uma beyisebenzisa ngokweqile, baba nokulala ngokweqile noma bangaquleka futhi bayeke ukuphefumula.

Ngezansi kunezimpawu zokudlula ngokweqile kwe-heroin ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomzimba.

EMIHLAWINI nasemaphashini

• Akukho ukuphefumula
• Ukuphefumula okungatheni
• Ukuphefumula kancane futhi kunzima

AMEHLO, AMADLEBE, AMAKHALA NOMQOLO

• Umlomo owomile
• Abafundi abancane kakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi bancane njengekhanda lephini (khomba abafundi)
• Ulimi olumbala

INHLIZIYO NEGAZI

• Umfutho wegazi ophansi
• I-pulse ebuthakathaka

ISIKHUMBA

• Izipikili nezindebe ezinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka

ISisu kanye namaphilisi

• Ukuqunjelwa
• Ukuqaqamba kwesisu namathumbu

UHLELO LWE-NEERVOUS

• I-Coma (ukuntuleka kokuphendula)
• I-Delirium (ukudideka)
• Ukudideka
• Ukozela
• Ukunyakaza okungalawuleki kwemisipha

Funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. UNGAMENZI umuntu alahle phansi ngaphandle uma ukulawula ubuthi noma umnakekeli wezempilo ekutshela ukuthi wenze kanjalo.

Ngo-2014, i-U.S.Food and Drug Administration (FDA) yavuma ukusetshenziswa komuthi obizwa nge-naloxone (igama lomkhiqizo iNarcan) ukuguqula imiphumela yokudlula ngokweqile kwe-heroin. Lolu hlobo lomuthi lubizwa ngokuthi yi-antidote. INaloxone ijojowe ngaphansi kwesikhumba noma emsipheni, kusetshenziswa i-othomathikhi. Ingasetshenziswa ngabaphenduli bezimo eziphuthumayo, amaphoyisa, amalungu omndeni, abanakekeli nabanye. Ingasindisa izimpilo kuze kube yilapho kutholakala usizo lwezokwelapha.

Lungisa lolu lwazi:

• Iminyaka yomuntu, isisindo, nesimo
• Bathathe i-heroin engakanani, uma yaziwa
• Lapho beyithatha

Isikhungo sakho sendawo esinoshevu singafinyelelwa ngqo ngokushayela ucingo lwasekhaya, lwenombolo yamahhala lwe-Poison Help (1-800-222-1222) kusuka noma yikuphi e-United States. Le nombolo yocingo kazwelonke izokuvumela ukuthi ukhulume nochwepheshe ekufakeleni ubuthi. Bazokunikeza eminye imiyalelo.

Le yisevisi yamahhala futhi eyimfihlo. Zonke izikhungo zokulawula ubuthi e-United States zisebenzisa le nombolo kazwelonke. Kufanele ushaye uma unemibuzo mayelana nobuthi noma ukuvimbela ubuthi. Akudingeki ukuthi kube yisimo esiphuthumayo. Ungashayela nganoma yisiphi isizathu, amahora angama-24 ngosuku, izinsuku eziyi-7 ngeviki.

Umhlinzeki uzolinganisa futhi aqaphe izimpawu ezibalulekile zomuntu, kufaka phakathi izinga lokushisa, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, izinga lokuphefumula, nomfutho wegazi. Izimpawu zizolashwa. Umuntu angathola:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo
• Ukwesekwa kokuphefumula, kufaka phakathi ishubhu le-oksijini elingena emlonyeni kuya emphinjeni, nasemshinini wokuphefumula
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• I-CT scan (imaging advanced) yobuchopho uma kusolwa ukulimala ekhanda
• I-ECG (i-electrocardiogram, noma ukulandelwa kwenhliziyo)
• Uketshezi olungena ngaphakathi (IV, ngomthambo)
• Imithi yokwelapha izimpawu, njenge-naloxone (bheka isigaba esithi "Ukunakekelwa Kwasekhaya" ngenhla), ukulwa nemiphumela ye-heroin
• Imithamo eminingi noma ukuphathwa okuqhubekayo kwe-IV kwe-naxolone. Lokhu kungadingeka ngoba imiphumela ye-naxolone ihlala isikhathi esifushane futhi imiphumela ecindezelayo ye-heroin ihlala isikhathi eside.

Uma kunikezwa i-antidote, ukululama ekweqeni ngokweqile kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwamahora angama-24 kuye kwangama-48. IHeroin ivame ukuxubaniswa nezinto ezibizwa ngokuthi iziphingi. Lokhu kungadala ezinye izimpawu nokulimala komzimba. Ukuhlala esibhedlela kungadingeka.

Uma ukuphefumula komuntu kuthintekile isikhathi eside, bangaphefumulela uketshezi emaphashini abo. Lokhu kungaholela ku-pneumonia nakwezinye izinkinga zamaphaphu.

Abantu abaquleka isikhathi eside futhi balale ezindaweni ezinzima bangaqala ukulimala isikhumba nezicubu ezingaphansi. Lokhu kungaholela kwizilonda zesikhumba, ukutheleleka, kanye nokulimala okujulile.

Ukujova noma imuphi umuthi ngenaliti kungadala izifo ezinkulu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amathumba obuchopho, amaphaphu, nezinso, nokutheleleka kwe-valve yenhliziyo.

Ngenxa yokuthi i-heroin ijwayele ukujova emthanjeni, umsebenzisi we-heroin angaba nezinkinga ezihlobene nokwabelana ngezinaliti nabanye abasebenzisi. Ukwabelana ngezinaliti kungaholela ku-hepatitis, ukutheleleka nge-HIV kanye ne-AIDS.

Ukweqisa izidakamizwa i-Acetomorphine; Ukweqisa izidakamizwa diacetylmorphine; Ukudlula ngokweqile kwe-opiate; Ukudlula ngokweqile kwe-opioid

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. Ukuvinjelwa nokulawulwa kokulimala: i-opioid overdose. www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/opioids/heroin.html. Kubuyekezwe uDisemba 19, 2018. Kufinyelelwe ngoJulayi 9, 2019.

I-Levine DP, i-Brown P. Izifo kubasebenzisi bezidakamizwa zomjovo. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 312.

I-National Institute on Drug Abuse iwebhusayithi. I-Heroin. www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/heroin. Kubuyekezwe uJuni 2019. Kufinyelelwe ngoJulayi 9, 2019.

I-National Institute on Drug Abuse iwebhusayithi. Izinga lokushona ngokweqile. www.drugabuse.gov/related-topics/trends-statistics/overdose-death-rates. Kubuyekezwe uJanuwari 2019. Kufinyelelwe ngoJulayi 9, 2019.

UNikolaides JK, uThompson TM. Ama-opioid. Ku: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, ama-eds. Imithi Ephuthumayo yaseRosen: Imiqondo kanye Nokuzijwayeza Komtholampilo. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 156.