I-Tracheostomy

I-tracheostomy inqubo yokuhlinza ukudala ukuvula entanyeni ku-trachea (i-windpipe). Ishubhu livame ukufakwa ngalesi sikhala ukuhlinzeka indlela yomoya nokususa uketshezi emaphashini. Le tube ibizwa ngokuthi i-tracheostomy tube noma i-trach tube.

Kusetshenziswa i-anesthesia ejwayelekile, ngaphandle uma isimo sibucayi. Uma lokho kwenzeka, umuthi obandayo ufakwa endaweni ukukusiza uzwe ubuhlungu obuncane phakathi nenqubo. Eminye imithi inikezwa ukuphumuza umzimba nokukutholisa (uma isikhathi sikhona).

Intamo iyahlanzwa futhi idotshwe. Ukusikeka kokuhlinzwa kwenziwa ukuveza izindandatho ezinzima zoqwanga ezakha udonga olungaphandle lwetrachea. Udokotela ohlinzayo udala imbobo ku-trachea futhi afake ishubhu le-tracheostomy.

I-tracheostomy ingenziwa uma une:

• Into enkulu evimba umgudu womoya
• Ukwehluleka ukuphefumula wedwa
• Ukungajwayelekile okuzuzwe njengelarynx noma i-trachea
• Iphefumulelwe izinto eziyingozi ezifana nentuthu, umusi, noma amanye amagesi anobuthi avuvukayo futhi avimbe indlela yomoya
• Umdlavuza wentamo, ongathinta ukuphefumula ngokucindezela emoyeni
• Ukukhubazeka kwemisipha ethinta ukugwinya
• Ukulimala kanzima entanyeni noma emlonyeni
• Ukuhlinzwa uzungeze ibhokisi lezwi (umphimbo) elivimbela ukuphefumula nokugwinya okujwayelekile

Izingozi zanoma iyiphi i-anesthesia yilezi:

• Izinkinga ukuphefumula
• Ukusabela emithini, kufaka phakathi isifo senhliziyo nokushaya uhlangothi, noma ukusabela okweqile (ukuqhuma, ukuvuvukala, ubunzima bokuphefumula)

Izingozi zanoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa yilezi:

• Ukopha
• Ukutheleleka
• Ukulimala kwemizwa, kufaka phakathi ukukhubazeka
• Kubabaza

Ezinye izingozi zifaka:

• Ukuxhumeka okungavamile phakathi kwe-trachea nemithambo yegazi emikhulu
• Ukulimala kwendlala yegilo
• Ukuguguleka komgwaqo (okungajwayelekile)
• Ukudilika kokuwa kwamaphaphu namaphaphu
• Izicubu ezibomvu ku-trachea ezibangela ubuhlungu noma inkinga yokuphefumula

Umuntu angaba nokwethuka futhi azizwe engakwazi ukuphefumula nokukhuluma lapho evuka okokuqala ngemuva kwe-tracheostomy nokubekwa kwethubhu ye-tracheostomy. Lo muzwa uzokwehla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Imithi inganikezwa ukusiza ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka kwesiguli.

Uma i-tracheostomy ingeyesikhashana, ekugcineni ishubhu lizosuswa. Ukuphulukiswa kuzokwenzeka ngokushesha, kushiye isibazi esincane. Kwesinye isikhathi, inqubo yokuhlinzwa ingadingeka ukuze kuvalwe isiza (i-stoma).

Kwesinye isikhathi kungaqalwa ukuqina, noma ukuqiniswa kwetreachea, okungathinta ukuphefumula.

Uma ithubhu ye-tracheostomy ingunaphakade, umgodi uhlala uvulekile.

Iningi labantu lidinga izinsuku ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-3 ukujwayela ukuphefumula ngokusebenzisa ithubhu ye-tracheostomy. Kuzothatha isikhashana ukufunda ukuthi ungaxhumana kanjani nabanye. Ekuqaleni, kungenzeka ukuthi umuntu angakwazi ukukhuluma noma ukwenza imisindo.

Ngemuva kokuqeqeshwa nokwenza, abantu abaningi bangafunda ukukhuluma nethiphu le-tracheostomy. Abantu noma amalungu omndeni bafunda ukunakekela i-tracheostomy ngesikhathi sokuhlala esibhedlela. Insizakalo yokunakekelwa kwasekhaya nayo ingatholakala.

Kufanele ukwazi ukubuyela endleleni yakho yokuphila ejwayelekile. Uma ungaphandle, ungagqoka isembozo esivulekile (isikhafu noma okunye ukuvikela) ngaphezulu kwe-tracheostomy stoma (imbobo). Sebenzisa izindlela zokuphepha lapho uvulelwa amanzi, ama-aerosols, i-powder, noma izinhlayiya zokudla.

• I-Tracheostomy - uchungechunge

IGreenwood JC, iWinters ME. Ukunakekelwa kweTracheostomy. Ku: Roberts JR, Custalow CB, Thomsen TW, ama-eds. Izinqubo Zomtholampilo zikaRoberts noHedges ku-Emergency Medicine kanye ne-Acute Care. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 7.

UKelly AM. Izimo eziphuthumayo zokuphefumula. Ku: Cameron P, Jelinek G, Kelly AM, Brown A, Little M, abahleli. Incwadi Yemithi Ephuthumayo Yabantu Abadala. Umhla wesi-4. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2015: isahluko 6.