Ukulahleka kwemisipha

Ukulahleka kwemisipha kulapho imisipha ingasebenzi noma ihambe ngokujwayelekile. Igama lezokwelapha lokulahlekelwa ngokuphelele komsebenzi wemisipha ukukhubazeka.

Ukulahleka komsebenzi wemisipha kungabangelwa:

• Isifo semisipha uqobo (i-myopathy)
• Isifo sendawo lapho kuhlangana khona imisipha nemizwa (ukuhlangana kwe-neuromuscular)
• Isifo sesistimu yezinzwa: Ukulimala kwemizwa (i-neuropathy), ukulimala komgogodla (i-myelopathy), noma ukulimala kobuchopho (isifo sohlangothi noma ukulimala kobuchopho)

Ukulahleka kokusebenza kwemisipha ngemuva kwalezi zinhlobo zemicimbi kungaba nzima. Kwezinye izimo, amandla emisipha kungenzeka angabuyi ngokuphelele, noma ngabe elashwa.

Ukukhubazeka kungaba okwesikhashana noma unomphela. Kungathinta indawo encane (eyenziwe yasendaweni noma okugxilwe kuyo) noma isabalale (yenziwa jikelele). Kungathinta uhlangothi olulodwa (unilateral) noma zombili izinhlangothi (bilateral).

Uma ukukhubazeka kuthinta ingxenye engezansi yomzimba kanye nemilenze yomibili kubizwa ngokuthi yi-paraplegia. Uma kuthinta zombili izingalo nemilenze, ibizwa ngokuthi i-quadriplegia. Uma ukukhubazeka kuthinta imisipha ebanga ukuphefumula, kusongela impilo ngokushesha.

Izifo zemisipha ezidala ukulahleka kwemisipha zibandakanya:

• I-myopathy ehlobene notshwala
• I-myopathies engokwemvelo (imvamisa ngenxa yesifo sofuzo)
• I-dermatomyositis ne-polymyositis
• I-myopathy ebangelwa izidakamizwa (ama-statins, ama-steroids)
• Ukukhubazeka kwemisipha

Izifo zesistimu yezinzwa ezibangela ukulahleka komsebenzi wemisipha zifaka:

• I-Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, noma isifo seLou Gehrig)
• Ukukhubazeka kwensimbi
• I-Botulism
• Isifo se-Guillain-Barré
• I-Myasthenia gravis noma i-Lambert-Eaton Syndrome
• I-Neuropathy
• Ubuthi be-shellfish okhubazekile
• Ukukhubazeka ngezikhathi ezithile
• Ukulimala kwezinzwa zomzimba
• Uvendle
• Intambo yomgogodla noma ukulimala kobuchopho
• Unhlangothi

Ukulahleka okungazelelwe kokusebenza kwemisipha kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Thola usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Ngemuva kokuthi uthole ukwelashwa, umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angancoma ezinye zezinyathelo ezilandelayo:

• Landela ukwelashwa obekiwe.
• Uma izinzwa ebusweni bakho noma ekhanda zilimele, ungaba nobunzima bokuhlafuna nokugwinya noma ukuvala amehlo akho. Kulezi zimo, kunganconywa ukudla okuthambile. Uzodinga futhi nohlobo oluthile lokuvikelwa kweso, njenge-patch phezu kweso ngenkathi ulele.
• Ukunganyakazi isikhathi eside kungadala izinkinga ezinkulu. Shintsha izikhundla kaningi futhi unakekele isikhumba sakho. Ukuzivocavoca kwebanga lokunyakaza kungasiza ukugcina ithoni ethile yemisipha.
• Imifantu ingasiza ekuvimbeleni izinkontileka zemisipha, isimo lapho imisipha ifinyezwa unomphela.

Ukukhubazeka kwemisipha kuhlala kudinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Uma ubona ukwehla kancane kancane noma izinkinga ngemisipha, thola ukwelashwa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.

Udokotela uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba futhi abuze imibuzo ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha nezimpawu, kufaka phakathi:

Indawo:

• Iziphi izitho zomzimba wakho ezithintekayo?
• Ingabe kuthinta uhlangothi olulodwa noma zombili zomzimba wakho?
• Ngabe ikhule ngephethini ephezulu kuya phansi (ukwehla kokukhubazeka), noma iphethini ephansi kuya phezulu (ukukhubazeka okunyukayo)?
• Ngabe unenkinga yokuphuma esihlalweni noma ekukhuphukeni izitebhisi?
• Ingabe unobunzima bokuphakamisa ingalo yakho ngaphezu kwekhanda lakho?
• Ngabe unezinkinga zokwelula noma ukuphakamisa isihlakala sakho (iconsi lesandla)?
• Ingabe unobunzima bokubamba (ukubamba)?

Izimpawu:

• Ingabe unezinhlungu?
• Ingabe uba ndikindiki, ukuncinza, noma ukulahlekelwa umuzwa?
• Ingabe unobunzima bokulawula isinye sakho noma amathumbu akho?
• Ingabe uphefumula kancane?
• Yiziphi ezinye izimpawu onazo?

Iphethini yesikhathi:

• Ngabe iziqephu zenzeka kaninginingi (eziphindayo)?
• Zihlala isikhathi esingakanani?
• Ingabe ukulahleka kwemisipha kuya ngokuya kuba kubi (kuyaqhubeka)?
• Ingabe ithuthuka kancane noma ngokushesha?
• Ingabe kuba kubi ngokuhamba kosuku?

Izinto ezibhebhethekisayo nezikhulula:

• Yini, uma ikhona, eyenza ukukhubazeka kube kubi kakhulu?
• Ingabe kuba kubi kakhulu ngemuva kokuthatha izithako ze-potassium noma eminye imithi?
• Ngabe kungcono ngemuva kokuphumula?

Ukuhlolwa okungenziwa kufaka phakathi:

• Izifundo zegazi (njenge-CBC, umehluko wamaseli amhlophe egazi, amazinga egazi lamakhemikhali egazi, noma amazinga we-enzyme yemisipha)
• I-CT scan yekhanda noma umgogodla
• I-MRI yekhanda noma yomgogodla
• Ukubhoboza i-Lumbar (umpompi womgogodla)
• Imisipha noma i-nerve biopsy
• I-Myelography
• Izifundo zokuqhuba izinzwa kanye ne-electromyography

Amapayipi okudla noma okufaka ngaphakathi angafakwa ezimeni ezinzima. Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba, ukwelashwa emsebenzini, noma ukwelashwa kokukhuluma kunganconywa.

Ukukhubazeka; UParesis; Ukulahlekelwa ukunyakaza; Ukungasebenzi kwezimoto

• Imisipha yangaphandle engaphezulu
• Imisipha yangaphakathi ejulile
• Ama-tendon nemisipha
• Imisipha yomlenze engezansi

U-Evoli A, uVincent A. Ukuphazamiseka kokudluliswa kwe-neuromuscular. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 394.

Selcen D. Izifo zemisipha. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 393.

I-Warner WC, iSawyer JR. Izinkinga ze-Neuromuscular. Ku: Azar FM, Beaty JH, Kanale ST, ama-eds. I-Operational Orthopedics yaseCampbell. Umhlaka 13. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: isahluko 35.